اثبات ازدياد علم امام در پرتو احاديث

Proofs in Favor of Multiplicity of the Infallible Imams' Knowledge: A Hadith-Based View

در احاديثي بر فراگيريِ علم امام نسبت به گذشته و آينده به طور دفعي تأكيد شده و به عنوان اصلي مسلّم در اين موضوع پذيرفته شده است. ناسازگاري افزايش علم امام با مضمون اين روايات و نيز گمانۀ كم­شماري احاديث افزايش، سبب بي­معنادانستن افزايش علم امام و درنتيجه توجيه و تأويل احاديث آن شده است. نوشتار حاضر اين كم­شماري را نفي مي­كند و با جستجوي جامع و گونه ­شناسيِ آنها، به انبوهي از احاديث ازدياد علم امام دست يافته است و اساس و حقيقت علم امام را علم افزون او مي­داند. گونه­ هاي ديگر از علوم امام، بيشتر نشانۀ امامت هستند و در صورت تعارض، بايد در سايۀ ازدياد علم امام معنا و تفسير شوند. ناسازگاري ظاهري اين دو دسته حديث را مي ­توان با كم­ كردن شمول موضوعي و زماني ادلۀ فراگيريِ علم امام و نيز با متفاوت­دانستن موضوع آنها حلّ كرد و ادلۀ ازدياد علم امام را مكمّلي براي آنها دانست.

There are several hadiths signifying the instant acquiring of the knowledge of the past and the present affairs by any of the Infallible Imams, hence accepted as an axiom. Incompatibility of multiplicity of the Infallible Imams' knowledge with the contents of such hadiths on the one hand, and that such hadiths used to be thought to be not too many in number on the other hand have led to their justification. The present paper attempts to prove that such hadiths are not few in number, hence a plenty of such hadiths that prove their multiplicity have been discovered concerning the Infallible Imam's knowledge such that the basis and nature of his knowledge are regarded as his escalating knowledge. Other types of the Infallible Imam's knowledge prove his imamate. When apparently incompatible, they must be interpreted in the context and light of the multiplicity of his knowledge. Apparent incompatibilities of such hadiths can be solved by means of restricting their semantic and temporal scopes as well as regarding them as a different type of hadith(s), hence proofs in favor of multiplicity of the Infallible Imam's knowledge count as their additional proofs.