الگوي مناسب حرفه‌آموزي دانش‌آموزان با نيازهاي ويژه

Appropriate model of vocational training for students with special needs

ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اراﺋﻪ، اﻟﮕﻮي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺣﺮﻓﻪ آﻣﻮزي داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﺑﺎ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي وﯾﮋه اﺳﺖ . روش اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ازﻧﻈﺮ اﻫﺪاف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺷﯿﻮة ﺟﻤﻊ آوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺗﻮﺻ ﯿﻔﯽ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ آﻣﺎر ي ﺗﺤﻘ ﯿﻖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن و دﺑﯿﺮان ﺷﺎﻏﻞ در آﻣﻮزش و ﭘﺮورش اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺮﮐﺰي ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد )85 ﻧﻔﺮ( اﺳﺖ؛ ﮐﻪ 70 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ . ﺟﻤـﻊ آوري داده ﻫﺎ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳـﺖ . روش ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧـﻮع آﻣ ﯿﺨﺘـﻪ ﺑـﻮد ﮐـﻪ در اﺑﺘـﺪا ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺳﻨﺎد رده ﺑﺎﻻ، ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري داده ﻫﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ درﺑﺎره ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺣﺮﻓﻪ آﻣﻮزي داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﺑﺎ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي و ﯾﮋه ﺷﺪه اﻗﺪام ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ . ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪن ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎ، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﮥ ﺑﺎز ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ، ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻤـﻊ آوري و ﺗﺤﻠﯿـ ﻞ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ از د ﺑﯿﺮان ﺷﺎﻏﻞ در ﻣﺪارس ﺣﺮﻓﻪ آﻣﻮزي ﮐﻞ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮة ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﻣﺪون، ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ و اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺤﻠﯿـ ﻞ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﮔﻮ ﯾﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻬ ﯿﻪ ﯾﮏ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ 36 ﺳﺆا ﻟﯽ ﺑﺎ 5 ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه. از ﺗﺤﻠ ﯿـ ﻞ داده ﻫـﺎ ي ﻣـﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻫـﺎ در ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ 5 ﮔﺰ ﯾﻨﻪ اي ﻃﺮح ﻟﯿﮑﺮت ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ . ﭘﺎ ﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ 0,869 ﺑﻮد. ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫـﺎ در ﺑﺨـﺶ آﻣـﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ از درﺻﺪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ، ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ و ﻧﻤﺎ و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺑﺤﺚ ﺣﺮﻓﻪ آﻣﻮزي داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﺑﺎ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي وﯾﮋه ، ﮐﻠﯿﮥ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي دارد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﻧﻄﯿﺎق ﻣﺆﻟﻔ ﮥ ﺑﻬﺰﯾﺴﺘﯽ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﺑﺎ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي وﯾﮋه ﻧﯿﺰ از جايگاه و اهميت ويژه­اي برخوردار است.

The purpose of this study is to provide an appropriate model of vocational training for students with special needs. The research method was survey in terms of practical objectives and in terms of method of collecting descriptive information. The statistical population of the study included experts and teachers working in exceptional education in Markazi province (85 people); 70 people were selected as a sample. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The research method was mixed. At first, by studying libraries and reviewing high-level documents, they collected information data about the components and indicators of vocational training of students with special needs, and after identifying the components and indicators; An open-ended questionnaire was collected and administered to collect and analyze these components from teachers working in vocational schools throughout the province in a semi-codified interview method. 5 Likert design options were obtained. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.869. Relative, mean, and average and percentage frequencies were used to analyze the data in the descriptive statistics section. The final results indicate that in the discussion of vocational training of students with special needs, all indicators needed to be reviewed and the welfare component of students with special needs has been taken in this regard