چكيده لاتين :
Background & Objectives: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is among the most prevalent disorders in the group of developmental conditions.
ASD causes disabilities in various aspects, including the occurrence of patterned behaviors. In many cases, children with ASDs, for several reasons, such as distance travel to medical centers, employing family members, including the mother, with other family responsibilities, job, or
taking care of other children, treatment costs, improper timing of treatment courses, etc., refrain from participating in medical activities;
subsequently, they fail to receive the necessary interventions in time to improve themselves. Accordingly, information and communication
technology, i.e., affected all aspects of human life, can be accessed by children. Besides, their families can be effective in providing timely
interventions. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of physical and motor exercise training by mobile social networks to
the mothers of children with ASD on improving children's patterned behaviors.
Methods: This was a quasi–experimental study with a pretest–posttest and a control group design. The statistical population of this study
consisted of all mothers of children with ASD in Robat Karim and Parand Cities, Iran, in 2018 (N=35). The research sample consisted of 30
mothers of children with ASD who were eligible candidates and selected by convenience sampling approach according to the inclusion criteria.
The study samples were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The inclusion criteria were having a child with ASD with
the ability to perform movement and instruction to perform motor activities, having a child in the age range of 4 to 7 years, having a mobile
phone with the possibility to connect to the social networks by the mothers, the absence of other diseases, and conscious satisfaction for
contributing to the research. Besides, the exclusion criteria of the study included mothers' dissatisfaction with attending the study, the inability
of a child with ASD to perform movement and orderliness, and the lack of having a child in the considered age range of the study. Next,
performing the pretest with the Revised Scale of Repetitive Behaviors (Budfish et al., 2000). Then, the experimental group was trained through
the WhatsApp social network using videos and images related to physical activity and regular motor activity over 6 months; the videos were
designed by an ASD treatment center, became short–lived files of about 3 to 5 minutes, and along with the photos of physical exercises and
regular movement activities and related explanations. Accordingly, it was provided to the investigated mothers through WhatsApp and they were
requested to practice with their children at home after observing how they move; however, the control group received no intervention. To analyze
the obtained data, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Levene's, Box's M, and Wilks Lambda tests, as well as Multivariate Analysis of Covariance
(MANCOVA) were used at a significance level of 0.05 in SPSS.
Results: The present research results revealed that most of the mothers in both groups aged between 28 and 38 years, were married, had a
diploma, and were housewives. Furthermore, a small number of them aged between 17 and 27 years, were single and employed, and their
education level was between the ninth grade and less than a diploma. The MANCOVA results indicated that interventions based on motor
training were effective in improving stereotypy behaviors (p=0.002), self–harm behaviors (p=0.002), obsessive behaviors (p=0.002), restricted
behaviors (p=0.002), ritualistic behaviors (p=0.004), and sameness behaviors (p=0.001). The effect size for the stereotype behavior variable was
equal to 0.31; the effect size for the self–harming behavior variable was calculated as 0.293; the effect size for the obsessive behavior was
obtained as 0.307; the effect size for the ritual behavior equaled 0.313; the effect size for the uniformity behavior was obtained equal to 0.305;
finally, the effect size for finite behavior was equal to 0.303.
Conclusion: It seems that educating the family of children with ASD is effective in reducing some of the child's patterned behaviors, such as self–harm, obsessive, ritualistic, and sameness.
