اوضاع سياسي و اقتصادي دمشق در دوران فرمانروايي معاويه

The political and economic situation in Damascus during Mu'awiyah's rule

دمشق بزرگترين شهر شام و مركز اين ولايت قبل و بعد از ظهور اسلام، از كهن‌ترين شهرهاي عالم به حساب مي‌آيد كه نقش بسيار مهمي در تحولات سياسي و اجتماعي اسلام داشته است يكي از اين فرمانروايان كه هم تاثير مستقيمي بر اوضاع دمشق داشته و هم از آن در طول خلافت خود تاثير پذيرفته معاويه است. از اين رو مقاله حاضر كه در صدد بررسي اوضاع سياسي و اقتصادي دمشق در دوران فرمانروايي معاويه است پس از بسط فضاي مفهومي موضوع تحقيق، به بررسي دو موضوع اوضاع سياسي و اقتصادي دمشق خواهد پرداخت. مطابق با مستندات موضوعي ارائه شده در اين پژوهش، روش تحقيق، توصيفي-تحليلي و روش گردآوري اطلاعات در اين پژوهش، كتابخانه‌اي مي‌باشد. يافته‌هاي اين مطالعه، حاكي از آن است كه با انتخاب شهر دمشق به عنوان مركز خلافت، معاويه توانست در مدت امارت خود پايه‌هاي قدرت خود را در دمشق و شام تثبيت كند و اوضاع سياسي اين شهر را دچار تغيير نمايد همزمان با بهره گيري از نظام مالياتي و ثروت بيشماري كه از شام به دست آورده بود شهر دمشق را به لحاظ اقتصادي نيز رونق داد و در نهايت بنا بر ضرورتهايي كه براي شكل گيري حكومت اسلامي وجود داشت به تاسيس يا گسترش و توسعه نهادهاي متعدد سياسي و حكومتي مانند ديوانهاي سياسي، اقتصادي، اجتماعي و فرهنگي و نيز پاره اي موسسات، مراكز مباني اقتدار حكومتي خود مبادرت ورزيد.

Damascus, the largest city in Sham and the capital of the province before and after the rise of Islam, is one of the oldest cities in the world, which has played a very important role in the political and social developments of Islam.Mu'awiyah is one of these rulers who had a direct influence on the situation in Damascus and was influenced by it during his caliphate. Therefore, the present article, which seeks to examine the political and economic situation in Damascus during the reign of Mu'awiyah, will examine the two issues of the political and economic situation in Damascus after expanding the conceptual space of the research topic. According to the thematic documents presented in this research, the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection in this research is library. The study's findings suggest that by choosing Damascus as the center of the caliphate, Mu'awiyah was able to consolidate his power base in Damascus and Sham during his emirate and change the city's political situation.Simultaneously with the use of the tax system and the innumerable wealth he had gained from Sham, he prospered the city of Damascus economically, and finally, according to the necessities that existed for the formation of the Islamic State, to establish or expand and develop various political institutions. Governments such as the political, economic, social, and cultural courts, as well as some institutions, established the centers of the foundations of their governmental authority.