پيش‌ بيني آسيب‌ پذيري رواني بر اساس رويدادهاي زندگي خانوادگي

Predicting Psychological Vulnerability Based on Family Life Events

زمينه و هدف: سلامت جامعه به سلامت خانواده وابسته است و رويدادهاي زندگي خانوادگي مي‌تواند سلامت جامعه را به خطر بيندازد و اعضاي خانواده را به اختلالات رواني آسيب‌پذير سازد. هدف از اين پژوهش، پيش‌بيني آسيب‌پذيري رواني براساس رويدادهاي زندگي خانوادگي بود. روش‌ بررسي: روش اين پژوهش توصيفي از نوع همبستگي بود. جامعهٔ پژوهش را تمامي مراجعان متأهل مراكز مشاوره و روان‌درماني يزد در سال 1397 تشكيل دادند. نمونه‌هاي پژوهش 260 نفر بودند كه به‌روش نمونه‌گيري خوشه‌اي چندمرحله‌اي انتخاب شدند. ابزار استفاده‌شده در پژوهش چك‌ليست نشانه‌هاي اختلالات رواني (دروگاتيس و همكاران، 1976) و پرسشنامهٔ رويدادها و تغييرات زندگي خانوادگي (مك‌كوبين و همكاران، 1991) بود. تحليل داده‌ها در دو بخش آمار توصيفي و آمار استنباطي شامل ضريب همبستگي پيرسون و رگرسيون خطي ساده، در سطح معناداري 0٫05 با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخهٔ 24 صورت گرفت. يافته‌ها: نتايج پژوهش نشان داد كه رويدادهاي زندگي خانوادگي، نمرهٔ كلي آسيب‌پذيري رواني (0٫001>p و 0٫453=β) و ابعادش شامل شكايت جسماني (0٫001>p و 0٫403=β)، وسواس (0٫001>p و 0٫365=β)، حساسيت در روابط متقابل (0٫001>p و 0٫371=β)، افسردگي (0٫001>p و 0٫438=β)، اضطراب (0٫001>p و 0٫381=β)، پرخاشگري (0٫001>p و 0٫39=β)، ترس مرضي (0٫001>p و 0٫387=β)، افكار پارانوئيدي (0٫001>p و 0٫445=β) و روان‌پريشي (0٫001>p و 0٫39=β) را به شكل مثبت پيش‌بيني مي‌كنند. نتيجه‌گيري: طبق نتايج، با افزايش رويدادهاي زندگي خانوادگي، آسيب‌پذيري رواني افزايش مي‌يابد و رويدادهاي زندگي خانوادگي مي‌تواند انواع آسيب‌هاي رواني را پيش‌بيني كند. باتوجه به اين امر لازم است كه آموزش مهارت‌هاي زندگي، تاب‌آوري و سازگاري مدنظر سازمان‌هاي مربوط قرار گيرد.

Background & Objectives: Community health depends on family health. With the concurrent fundamental changes in the world and the stress and psychological problems that stem from these changes, mental illnesses have been increasing; accordingly, individuals are becoming more vulnerable to mental health disorders. The occurrence of family life events is among the touching factors affecting psychological trauma. Financial, family–related, and occupational problems, concern about the death of loved ones, and marital and pregnancy difficulties are stressful events that can affect one's mental state. Considering the above–mentioned findings and the high prevalence of psychological trauma in society, this study aimed to predict psychological vulnerability based on family life events. Methods: This was a descriptive correlational study. The research community consisted of all married clients of counseling and psychotherapy centers in Yazd City, Iran, in 2018; of them, 260 individuals were selected by multistage cluster sampling method, as the study samples. The inclusion criteria of the research were couples who have been married for at least one year and referring to counseling centers for at least one time in 2018. Being educated to a middle school degree was also considered as the exclusion criterion. Two tools were used for collecting data in this survey. The first tool was the Symptoms Check List–90–Revised (Derogatis et al., 1976). The second inventory was the Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes (McCubbin & Thopmson, 1991). The research data analysis was performed in two parts; first, descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, as well as skewness and kurtosis indices. The second part was inferential statistics, including the Pearson correlation coefficient and simple linear regression at the significant level of 0.05, used in SPSS. Results: The simple linear regression analysis data suggested that family life events could predict the overall score of psychological vulnerability (β=0.453, p<0.001) and its dimensions, including somatization (β=0/403, p<0.001), obsessive–compulsive (β=0.365, p<0.001), interpersonal sensitivity (β=0.371, p<0.001), depression (β=0.438, p<0.001), anxiety (β=0.381, p<0.001), hostility (β=0.39, p<0.001), phobic anxiety (β=0.387,p<0.001), paranoia (β=0.445, p<0.001), and psychosis (β=0.39, p<0.001). Conclusion: According to the current research results, as family life events increase, psychological vulnerability enhances and family life events can predict various psychological vulnerability types. Thus, it is imperative that training of life skills, resilience, and adaptation be addressed by concerned organizations.