پديد آورندگان :
شفيعي، فاطمه دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان، ايران - دانشكدهٔ تربيت بدني - گروه تربيت بدني و علوم ورزشي , قاسمي كهريز سنگي، غلامعلي دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ايران - دانشكده علوم ورزشي - گروه آسيب شناسي و حركات اصلاحي
كليدواژه :
هاتايوگا , قدرت عضلات اكستنسوري , فلج مغزي , اسپاستيك دايپلژيك
چكيده فارسي :
زمينه و هدف: فلج مغزي ناهنجاري غيرپيشرونده در مغز است كه نقايص وضعيتي و حركتي در رشد كودك ايجاد مي‌كند و شيوع آن بيش از ناهنجاري‌هاي ديگر است. هدف از تحقيق حاضر تعيين ميزان تأثير هشت هفته تمرينات تعديل‌شدهٔ هاتايوگا بر قدرت كودكان فلج مغزي اسپاستيك دايپلژيك بود.
روش بررسي: اين تحقيق نيمه‌تجربي روي دوازده نفر از دانش‌آموزان 7 تا 14 سال دختر و پسر مبتلا به فلج مغزي اسپاستيك دايپلژيك، مشغول به تحصيل در سال 98-1397 در مدارس استثنايي جسمي-حركتي شهر اصفهان انجام شد. آزمودني‌ها در دو گروه گواه (پنج نفر) و تجربي (هفت نفر) قرار داشتند. جهت اندازه‌گيري قدرت در عضلات اكستنسور تنه، دستگاه دينامومتر ديجيتالي به‌كار رفت. محقق قبل و بعد از شروع برنامهٔ تمريني از هر دو گروه پيش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون گرفت. سپس به گروه تجربي به‌مدت هشت هفته تمرين داده شد. در طي اين مدت گروه گواه در هيچ برنامهٔ منظم بدني شركت نداشت. داده‌هاي جمع‌آوري‌شده در پيش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون، توسط آمار توصيفي خلاصه‌سازي و مرتب شد. تجزيه‌وتحليل داده‌ها با استفاده از آمار استنباطي و روش آماري آناليز واريانس با اندازهٔ مكرر صورت گرفت. سطح معناداري آزمون‌ها برابر با 0٫05α= بود و داده‌ها نيز با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخهٔ 23 تحليل شد.
يافته‌ها: تغييرات قدرت اكستنسورهاي تنه، طي دو مرتبه اندازه‌گيري نشان داد كه بين گروه‌هاي گواه و تجربي تفاوت معناداري وجود دارد و براساس نتايج آزمون تي‌همبسته قدرت اكستنسورهاي تنه‌ٔ گروه تجربي به‌طور معناداري بيشتر از گروه گواه است (0٫020=p).
نتيجه‌گيري: براساس يافته‌هاي اين پژوهش، تمرينات هشت‌هفته‌اي تعديل‌شدهٔ هاتايوگا مي‌تواند برنامهٔ تمريني مناسبي جهت افزايش قدرت عضلات اكستنسوري تنه‌ٔ كودكان فلج مغزي اسپاستيك دايپلژيك باشد.
چكيده لاتين :
Background & Objectives: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a non–progressive disability in the brain that generates motor deficits and conditions in the development of children. Moreover, CP has various types, among which spastic diplegia is more prevalent. The present study aimed to determine
the effect of eight–week modified Hatha yoga exercises on the extensor muscle strength of spastic diplegia CP children.
Methods: This quasi–experimental study was performed on 12 students aged 7 to 14 years with spastic diplegia CP and the Gross Motor Function
Classification System (GMFCS) classification of one to three. The study subjects were studying at the exceptional physical–motor schools of
Isfahan city, Iran. The research initiated by obtaining the relevant permission from the General Directorate of Education and the Exceptional
Education Administration of Isfahan and receiving consent from the parents of students in two schools of Shahid Ahmad Hur and Nafisi. The
study subjects were divided into two groups of control (n=5) and experimental (n=7). Then, we conducted the two stages of pretest and posttest
in both study groups, using a US–made digital mouse dynamometer device; it was applied for measuring power in the extensor muscles of the
trunk. Before conducting the research, a briefing session was held with the experimental group participants to familiarize students and teachers
with the sessions’ instructions and estimating the students’ abilities level. The experimental group exercised for three sessions of 45–60 minutes
per week for 8 weeks. The researcher, by adjusting each asana based on the characteristics of each study subject as well as a predetermined
schedule, trained and adjusted the breaths in each asana. Accordingly, the researcher instructed each asana under the pain threshold of the study
subjects. The exercise program was performed and instructed with increasing load and the training time. During this period, the control group
received no regular physical activity programs. Two subjects in the control group were excluded from the study because of the need for attending
rehabilitation programs. At each stage of the measurement, each study participant was sampled three times. Then, the mean value of the data
was individually obtained for each subject. Finally, after data collection in the posttest using the digital mouse dynamometer, the obtained
information was analyzed using a Shapiro–Wilks test to verify the normal distribution of data .Independent Samples t–test was used to compare
the strength of trunk extensors between the two groups in pretest and posttest phases. To evaluate the effect of training on the strength of trunk
extensors between two groups, the repeated–measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used. Finally, the Paired Samples t–test was
implemented to examine the effect of exercise on the strength of trunk extensors (comparing pretest and posttest scores between the study
groups). All analyzes were performed in SPSS23. The significance level was set at p=0.05.
Results: The present study findings revealed that moderated training of Hatha yoga provided a significant difference in the strength of extensor
muscles in the pretest and posttest phases between the experimental and control groups. Additionally, the Shapiro–Wilk test results suggested
that the distribution of trunk extensors power in the two groups in the pretest was normal (p <0.05). There was no significant difference between
the two groups in the strength of extensor strength at the pretest. The repeated–measures ANOVA data indicated that the effects of time (p=0.023)
and measurement time were significant in the study groups (p =0.043). Thus, the time factor (exercise in the experimental group) caused a
difference between the two research groups. Furthermore, t–test results demonstrated that in the experimental group, the strength of extensor
strength significantly increased in the subjects (p =0.020); however, in the control group, it provided no change. Accordingly, in the posttest, the two research groups had a significant difference in the strength of trunk extensors (p =0.026).
Conclusion: The provided training program of this study is suitable for increasing the strength of trunk extensor muscles in children with spasmodic diplegia CP.
