ﺧﻮاﻧﺶ اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي ﻣﺼﺎدﯾﻖ ﺗﺮوردر ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ

Critical reading of instances of assassination in jurisprudential sources

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: اﻗﺪام ﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ آﻣﯿﺰ و ﺿﺪﺑﺸﺮي، ﺧﻄﺮي ﺟﺪي ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻌﺎدت اﻧﺴﺎن ﻫﺎﺳﺖ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻮاردي ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ذﯾﻞ اﻗﺪام ﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ آﻣﯿﺰ و ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎﻧﻪ رخ دﻫﺪ، ﺗﺮور اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺮور، ﭘﺪﯾﺪه اي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻏﺮاض ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﻮد ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ اﯾﻦ اﻗﺪام ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد داراي ﺗﺒﻌﺎت ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎﺳﺖ دﯾﻦ ﻣﺒﯿﻦ اﺳﻼم ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﺒﯿﺢ ﻫﺮ اﻗﺪاﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ آﺳﯿﺐ و ﺻﺪﻣﻪ اي را ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، داراي ﻏﻨﯽ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺣﺎوي ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﯿﺖ اﯾﻦ اﻗﺪام ﻫﺎﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد اﯾﻨﮑﻪ در ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻘﻬﯽ، اﺻﺎﻟﺘﺎً ﻧﻤﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺮور، ﺳﻤﻪ اي را ﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺑﺘﻨﺎء ﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﻪ، ﺳﻌﯽ در ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ دارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮور ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ اﻗﺪام ﻫﺎ را ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﻏﺘﯿﺎل ﺗﻤﺎﻟﻮ، ارﻫﺎب، ﻓﺘﮏ و را از ﻣﺼﺎدﯾﻖ ﺗﺮور در ﻓﻘﻪ ﻣﯽ داﻧﻨﺪ و ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ رواﯾﺎت و ﺣﻮادث ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﺳﻼم، ﻣﺆﯾﺪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮور را ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻓﻘﻬﯽ ﻧﮕﺮﯾﺴﺖ. ﻫﺪف از ﻧﮕﺎرش اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﺑﺘﺪا ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻤﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻬﺎد ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ و ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ در ﻓﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﺮور ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ اﻧﺘﻘﺎدات وارده ﺑﺮ اﺗﺼﺎل ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻣﻮرد اﺷﺎره در اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮور ﻓﻘﻬﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﺳﺮاﻧﺠﺎم ﻗﺮاﺋﺘﯽ اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي اﺳﺖ. روش ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ : در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اي و از ﻧﻈﺮ روش، ﮐﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و داده ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﺳﻨﺎدي ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﻣﺆﯾﺪ اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮور ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺳﻤﻪ اي فقهي اﺳﺖ و ﻧﻤﯽ ﺗﻮان ﻣﺼﺎدﯾﻖ ﻣﻌﻨﻮن را ﺗﺮور ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺪ.

Violent and anti-human activities are a serious threat to human well-being. Assassination is one of the things that can be considered as a violent and criminal act. Terrorism is a phenomenon that has been appeared in different countries for different purposes. This action, which is mostly done by a political goal, has adverse consequences for the countries. The Islamic religion denounces any action that has caused injury and has the richest source forbidding these actions. In spite of the fact that in jurisprudential sources originally cannot be titled for terror, some scholars based on jurisprudence try to explain that assassination is documented in Islamic history, and consider some actions such as participation in the crime, the creation of horror, assassination and so on as examples of assassination in jurisprudence and believe that some of the traditions and events of Islamic history confirm the point that assassination can be viewed with a jurisprudential view. This paper aims to have a critical reading regarding this attitude. The findings of this paper confirm that the assassination is not titled in religious jurisprudence, and the above-mentioned examples cannot be called terror.