بررسي بي نظمي الگوي تنفس در مدل آسم موش صحرايي

The Effect of Asthma on Complexity Breathing Pattern in Asthma Rat Model

آﺳﻢ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﺗﻨﻔﺴﯽ ﻣﺰﻣﻦ راﯾﺠﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﮓ ﺷﺪن ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮ راهﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺳﯿﺮ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري آﺳﻢ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺗﻨﻔﺲ و ﭘﺎﺳﺦدﻫﯽ ﻣﺠﺎري ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺗﻨﻔﺲ ﻣﻮش ﺻﺤﺮاﯾﯽ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و آﺳﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ﺑﻪ دو ﮔﺮوه آﺳﻤﯽ و ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي آﺳﻤﯽ ﮐﺮدن ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت از اووآﻟﺒﻮﻣﯿﻦ و در ﮔﺮوه ﺳﺎﻟﻢ از ﺳﺎﻟﯿﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. اﻟﮕﻮي ﺗﻨﻔﺲ ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﺑﺎدي ﺑﺎﮐﺲ ﭘﻠﺘﯿﺴﻤﻮﮔﺮاف ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﯽ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺗﻨﻔﺲ، ﺣﺠﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﺴﯽ و ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ ﺟﻬﺖ آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار MATLAB ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ آﺳﻤﯽ ﺷﺪن، ﭘﺎﺳﺦدﻫﯽ ﻣﺠﺎري ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ و اﻟﺘﻬﺎب اﺋﻮزﯾﻨﻮﻓﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﺎﺳﺦدﻫﯽ ﻣﺠﺎري ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺎﮐﻮﻟﯿﻦ، ﺣﯿﻮان ﺑﯿﻬﻮش و ﺗﺮاﮐﺌﻮﺳﺘﻮﻣﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﻓﻠﺞ ﮐﺮدن ﻋﻀﻠﻪ اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ، ﺣﯿﻮان ﺑﻪ وﻧﺘﯿﻼﺗﻮر ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺎﺳﺦدﻫﯽ ﻣﺠﺎري ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﭘﺲ از اﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎق دوزﻫﺎي mg/ml 4 ،2 ،1 ،0/5 ،0/25 و 8 ﻣﺘﺎﮐﻮﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ 6 دﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. اﻟﺘﻬﺎب اﺋﻮزﯾﻨﻮﻓﯿﻠﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ روش ﻻواژ ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺑﺮوﻧﮑﻮآﻟﻮﺋﻮﻻر )(BAL ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺗﻌﺪاد اﺋﻮزﯾﻨﻮﻓﯿﻞﻫﺎ در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي آﺳﻤﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داﺷﺖ )P<0/0001(. ﭘﺎﺳﺦدﻫﯽ ﻣﺠﺎري ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﺎﮐﻮﻟﯿﻦ در ﮔﺮوه اووآﻟﺒﻮﻣﯿﻦ در دوزﻫﺎي P<0/01) 4 mg/ml( و P<0/0001) 8 mg/ml( ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﺳﺎﻟﯿﻦ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﭘﯿﺪا ﻧﻤﻮد. ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺗﻨﻔﺲ ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﮔﺮوه ﻫﯿﭻ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. ﺣﺠﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﺴﯽ در ﮔﺮوه ﺳﺎﻟﯿﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ )P<0/01( و ﮔﺮوه ﺳﺎﻟﯿﻦ )P<0/001( ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﺑﯽﻧﻈﻤﯽ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﺲ در ﮔﺮوه اووآﻟﺒﻮﻣﯿﻦ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻢﺗﺮ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ )0/05

Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease with reversible narrowing of the airways. Human studies show that breathing pattern and airway hyper-responsiveness have been changed in the course of the asthma disease. So, this study aimed to assess breathing patterns in normal and asthmatic rats. We assigned animals to one of two protocols: Saline and ovalbumin (asthmatic rats). Using body box plethysmography, animal respiration was recorded before and after each protocol. Then, respiratory rate, respiratory volume and inter-breath interval was quantified by non-linear analysis in MATLAB. To verify asthma, we evaluated hyper-responsiveness and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after completion of the challenges. In order to evaluate hyper-responsiveness to methacholine, the animals were anesthetized and tracheostomy was done on them. Then the animals were connected to ventilator after their skeletal muscle were paralyzed. Hyper-responsiveness was measured at a distance of 6 minutes, after inhalation of doses of 0/25, 0/5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 mg/ml methacholine. Furthermore, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were used to study the eosinophilic inflammation. The increased airway inflammation was found only in the allergen group (p<0.0001). Compared with control group, airway responsiveness were significantly increased in asthmatic rats that received 4 mg/ml (p<0.01) and 8 mg/ml (p<0.0001) methacholine. Respiratory rate, was not significantly different between the two groups. The respiratory volume in ovalbumin group had significant decrease to baseline (p<0.01) and Saline group (p<0.001). The respiratory dynamics showed an increased regularity in asthmatic rats, compared to baseline (p<0.05) and control group (p<0.001). The less complexity of the breathing pattern in asthmatic animals denotes that breathing pattern of asthmatic rats is more regular. This finding may be caused by central mechanisms.