پديد آورندگان :
سروش نيا، سهيلا دانشگاه پيام نور، مركز بين المللي كيش، ايران , عليپور، احمد دانشگاه پيام نور، تهران، ايران - گروه روان شناسي , علي اكبر دهكردي، مهناز دانشگاه پيام نور، تهران، ايران - گروه روان شناسي
كليدواژه :
سرطان پستان , اضطراب , حساسيت زدايي با حركات چشم و پردازش مجدد , EMDR
چكيده فارسي :
زمينه و هدف: اضطراب يكي از عوارض شايع ابتلا به سرطان پستان است كه به‌دليل ترس از عود بيماري يا درمان‌هاي انجام‌شده ايجاد مي‌شود. هدف پژوهش، اثربخشي مداخلهٔ حساسيت‌زدايي با حركات چشم و پردازش مجدد (EMDR)، بر كاهش اضطراب زنان مبتلا به سرطان پستان بود.
روش بررسي: روش اين مطالعه نيمه‌آزمايشي، از نوع پيش‌آزمون، پس‌آزمون و پيگيري با گروه گواه بود. جامعهٔ آماري را تمامي زنان مبتلا به سرطان پستان تشكيل دادند كه به مؤسسهٔ خيريهٔ مهر سهيلا در شهر كرج در سال 1396 مراجعه كردند. با نمونه‌گيري هدف‌مند 30 نفر انتخاب شدند و به‌صورت تصادفي در دو گروه 15نفرهٔ آزمايش و گواه قرار گرفتند. به‌منظور جمع‌آوري داده‌ها پرسشنامۀ اضطراب بك (بك و همكاران، 1988) به‌كار رفت. چهار جلسه درمان با روش EMDR براساس بستۀ آموزشي شاپيرو (2012) براي گروه آزمايش برگزار شد و گروه گواه هيچ درماني دريافت نكرد. براي تحليل داده‌ها از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخهٔ 21 و آزمون تحليل واريانس با اندازه‌گيري مكرر و مقايسۀ زوجي استفاده شد. همچنين سطح معناداري 0٫05 در نظر گرفته شد.
يافته‌ها: نتايج نشان داد كه مداخلهٔ EMDR باعث كاهش اضطراب در گروه آزمايش در مقايسه با گروه كنترل شده است (0٫001>p). در گروه آزمايش تفاوت معناداري بين مراحل پيش‌آزمون با پس‌آزمون و پيگيري وجود داشت (0٫001>p)؛ اما تفاوت معناداري بين مراحل پس‌آزمون و پيگيري مشاهده نشد (0٫001=p) كه نشان مي‌دهد ميزان اضطراب به مرحلهٔ پيش‌آزمون باز نگشته و اثر آن در بستر زمان محفوظ مانده است.
نتيجه‌گيري: نتايج نشان داد، مداخلهٔ EMDR سبب كاهش اضطراب در زنان مبتلا به سرطان پستان مي‌شود؛ بنابراين استفاده از اين شيوهٔ درماني به زنان توصيه مي‌شود.
چكيده لاتين :
Background & Objectives: Breast cancer is among the most aggressive cancers with the highest mortality rate. It is also the most prevalent cancer among Iranian women. Breast cancer is associated with various reactions, including shock, infertility , fear, anxiety, agitation, anger, and hopelessness. Numerous patients with breast cancer encounter mental illnesses, such as depression and anxiety. Besides, invasive interventions, such as surgery and chemotherapy exacerbate such symptoms, which sometime s persist for years after treatment. Thus, the recognition of this complication and finding strategies to cope with it are of great importance in reducing
anxiety among patients. The current study aimed to explore the effects of Eye Movement Desensitizatio n and Reprocessing (EMDR)
intervention on anxiety in women with breast cancer.
Methods: This was a quasi–experimental study with a pretest–posttest–follow–up and a control group design. The statistical
population of the study included all women with breast cancer who were referred to the Mehr Soheila charity organization In Karaj
City, Iran, in 2016. Using the purposive sampling method, 30 subjects were selected and randomly divided into two groups of
experimental and control (n=15/group). The inclusion cr iteria of the study were having breast cancer, residence in Karaj, an age range
of 30–60 years, consent to participate in the research, the ability to answer questions, as well as initiating chemotherapy and
pharmacotherapy. The exclusion criteria of the research were the lack of consent to participate in the research, providing incomplete
and invalid information, and missing one intervention session. Beck's Anxiety Inventory (Beck et al., 1988) was used to colle ct the
necessary data. The experimental group received four 45–minute weekly sessions (each session covered 8 essential steps) of EMDR
based on Shapiro’s training package (2012); however, the control group received no treatment. The obtained data were analyzed in
SPSS using repeated–measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Paired Samples t –test at the significance level of 0.05.
Results: The present study results suggested that the mean scores of anxiety in the experimental and control groups were significantly
different in posttest and follow–up stages after controlling the pretest effect (p<0.001). Therefore, the presented EMDR intervention
significantly reduced the level of anxiety in the posttest and follow–up phases among the study participants. Eta squared data
indicated that approximately 41% of anxiety changes at posttest and follow–up steps were induced by the EMDR intervention. Paired
Samples t–test results indicated significant differences between pretest and posttest (p<0.001) as well as pretest and follow–up
phases (p<0.001) in the experimental group. However, no significant difference was observed between posttest and follow–up stages
(p=1.000), reflecting the lasting effect of the intervention.
Conclusion: The current study findings suggested that the provided EMDR intervention reduced anxiety in women with breast cancer. Therefore, this treatment method is recommended for this population.
