واﮐﺎوي ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ و اﻋﺪاد در رﺑﺎﻋﯿﺎت ﺧﯿﺎم، و ارﺗﺒﺎط آن ﺑﺎ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻓﮑﺮي او

Analysis of Scientific Concepts and Numbers in the Quatrains of Khayyam, and their relationship to his intellectual framework

ﺣﮑﯿﻢ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺧﯿﺎم ﻧﯿﺸﺎﺑﻮري ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺑﺰرگﺗﺮﯾﻦ داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪان و رﺑﺎﻋﯽ ﺳﺮاﯾﺎن ﻗﺮن ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﻫﺠﺮي، اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﻪ رﺑﺎﻋﯿﺎﺗﺶ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﻋﻠﻮم زﻣﺎن ﺧﻮد ﺗﺴﻠﻂ داﺷﺖ. رﺑﺎﻋﯿﺎت ﺧﯿﺎم ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮهاي ﺳﺎده و ﻗﺎﺑﻞ درك ﺑﺮاي ﻫﻤﮕﺎن ﺳﺮوده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ واژﮔﺎن و اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺗﯽ در آن ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎوﺟﻮد ﺳﺎدﮔﯽ، ﮔﺎﻫﯽ درﺑﺮدارﻧﺪه ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ و ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ، از ﺳﻮﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮔﻮﺷﻪاي از اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪﻫﺎ و ﺟﻬﺎنﺑﯿﻨﯽ اﯾﻦ داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ را ﺑﺎزﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ، و از ﺳﻮي دﯾﮕﺮ ﮔﻮاﻫﯿﺴﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺎدرﺳﺘﯽ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪاي ﮐﻪ ﺧﯿﺎم داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪ و ﺧﯿﺎم رﺑﺎﻋﯽﺳﺮا را دو ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، اﺑﺘﺪا ﻧﻈﺮات و ﮔﺰارشﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻘﻘﯿﻦ و ﻣﻮرﺧﯿﻦ درﺑﺎره وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ ﺧﯿﺎم، و اﻧﮕﯿﺰهﻫﺎي اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﺳﺮاﯾﺶ رﺑﺎﻋﯿﺎت ﺗﻮﺳﻂ وي ﺑﯿﺎن ﻣﯽﺷﻮد، و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ واﮐﺎوي واژﮔﺎن و ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ در رﺑﺎﻋﯿﺎت او، و ﻫﺪف و ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ واژهﻫﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﺎم اﻓﻼك و ﺑﺎورﻫﺎي ﮔﺬﺷﺘﮕﺎن درﻣﻮرد ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات آﻧﻬﺎ، وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ارﺑﻌﻪ، اﻋﺪاد، و ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ و ﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽ دﯾﮕﺮ اﺳﺖ، در ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻓﮑﺮي و ﻧﮕﺎه ژرف ﺧﯿﺎم ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺎن ﯾﺎريرﺳﺎن ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد.

Although Omar Khayyam Nishaburi, Wiseman, as one of the biggest scientists and Quatrain poet of 5th Hijri is well known because of his Quatrains, but he mastered many sciences of his time. Khayyam's Quatrains are composed in simple and understandable method. But some words and terms are seen which sometimes includes scientific and technical complicated concepts in wide range of sciences, despite of simplicity. By studying these concepts, we can recognize a part of the thoughts and worldview of this great scientist and on other hand it proofs inaccuracy of this hypothesis in that Khayyam the Quatrain poet, and Khayyam the scientist is considered two separate identities. In this article, which is based on library information, first views and reports of scholars and historians about personality traits of Khayyam and possible motivations to compose Quatrains by him and then words and scientific concepts being used in his Quatrains and purpose and their functions are analyzed. Studying these words which includes name of cosmos and beliefs of ancients regarding their effects, specifications of Four Elements, numbers and other scientific and philosophical concepts can help in identification of intellectual framework and profound view of Khayyam toward universe