بررسي اثربخشي آموزش مهارت‌هاي زندگي به شيوه گروهي بر مشكلات بين فردي و احساس تنهايي دانش‌آموزان دختر مقطع متوسطه دوم تبريز

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Group Life Skills Training on Interpersonal Problems and Feelings of Loneliness in Female High School Students in Tabriz

ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﺮدي و اﺣﺴﺎس ﺗﻨﻬﺎﯾﯽ داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان دﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻪ دوم ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﯿﻤﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮح ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن- ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن، ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮي ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، ﯾﮏ ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ از ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ دو آﻣﻮزش و ﭘﺮورش، ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ و ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﺮدي )32-IIP( و اﺣﺴﺎس ﺗﻨﻬﺎﯾﯽ اﺷﺮ، ﻫﺎﯾﻤﻞ و رﻧﺸﺎو، در ﺑﯿﻦ داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ )ﭘﯿﺶ آزﻣﻮن(. از ﺑﯿﻦ داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزاﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻤﺮه آﻧﺎن در ﻫﺮ دو ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ، ﯾﮏ اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺑﻮد، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ روش ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. آزﻣﻮدﻧﯽﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و آزﻣﻮدﻧﯽﻫﺎي ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 12 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ 90 دﻗﯿﻘﻪاي ﺗﺤﺖ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻟﮕﻮي دﻫﮕﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ، اﻣﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻫﯿﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪاي درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﮑﺮد. در آﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﺟﻠﺴﮥ آﻣﻮزش، ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﺮوه ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دادﻧﺪ )ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن(. ﯾﮏ ﻣﺎه ﺑﻌﺪ، آزﻣﻮدﻧﯽﻫﺎي ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺠﺪداً ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ را ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ )ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮي(. دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش آﻣﺎري ﮐﻮوارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮي، t ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﮑﺮر ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﺮدي و اﺣﺴﺎس ﺗﻨﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻮد و اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﮥ ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮي ﯾﮏ ﻣﺎﻫﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻣﺎﻧﺪه ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﺑﺎ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎي زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﺮدي و اﺣﺴﺎس ﺗﻨﻬﺎﯾﯽ داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان را ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داد.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group life skills training on interpersonal problems and loneliness of female high school students in Tabriz. The research was conducted by quasi-experimental method with pretest-posttest design and follow-up with the control group. For this purpose, a school from the two education districts was selected by simple random sampling and the Interpersonal Problems Questionnaire (IIP-32) and Asher, Heimel and Renshaw's Feeling of Loneliness were administered to students (pre-test). Among the students whose scores in both questionnaires were a standard deviation higher than the average, the research samples were selected by purposive method. Subjects were randomly divided into experimental and control groups and subjects in the experimental group were trained in life skills training with a ten-pattern pattern for 12 sessions in a group manner for 12 sessions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. In the last training session, both groups answered the questionnaires (post-test). One month later, the subjects in the experimental group completed the questionnaires again (follow-up). Data were analyzed using one-way covariance and paired t-test. The results showed that life skills training was effective in reducing interpersonal problems and feelings of loneliness in the experimental group (P <0.01) and this reduction remained stable in the one-month follow-up phase.