كليدواژه :
الگوريتم بهينه‌سازي ازدحام ذرات , NSGAII , عدم قطعيت , مصرف آب آلوده , حسگر كيفي
چكيده فارسي :
ورود آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻋﻤﺪي ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ آب ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺷﺮﯾﺎنﻫﺎي ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺸﻮر، ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺧﺴـﺎرت ﻫـﺎي ﮔﺴـﺘﺮده در اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ و ﻫﺸﺪار ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺗﺰرﯾﻖ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ در ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ آب ﺑﺴـﯿﺎر ﺿﺮورﯾﺴـﺖ. اﯾـﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﻫـﺪف ﺟﺎﻧﻤـﺎﯾ ﯽ ﺑﻬﯿﻨـﻪ ﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ، روش ﺟﺪﯾﺪي ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﻮدن زﻣﺎن و ﻣﮑﺎن ورود آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ و ﻋﺪم ﻗﻄﻌﯿﺖ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﻟﮕﻮرﯾﺘﻤﯽ دو ﻫﺪﻓﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن از ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎزي ﺗﮏ ﻫﺪﻓﻪ PSO ﺑﺮاي ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻗﯿﻮدNSGA-Ⅱ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻋﺪم ﻗﻄﻌﯿﺖ ﺗﻘﺎﺿـﺎ ﺑـﺎ روش ﮐﻤﯿﻨـﻪ ي ﺑﯿﺸـﯿﻨﻪ و روﯾﮑـﺮد اﺳﺘﻮار اراﺋﻪ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. دو ﻫﺪف ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از: ﮐﻤﯿﻨﻪ ﮐﺮدن ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺣﺠﻢ آب آﻟﻮده ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ و ﮐﻤﯿﻨـﻪ ﮐـﺮدن ﻫﺰﯾﻨـﻪ ﺗﻬﯿـﻪ و ﻧﺼﺐ ﺣﺴﮕﺮ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ روي ﯾﮏ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ GoYang اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺳـﻪ ﺳـﻨﺎرﯾﻮ )S2 ،S1 و S3( ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر ﺗﺰرﯾـﻖ آرﺳﻨﯿﮏ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي 100 ،50 و 150 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ از ﮔﺮهﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و در ﮔﺎمﻫﺎي زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﻣـﺪل ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ داده ﺷـﺪه ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮﻫﺎي S2 ،S1 و S3 ﻧﺼﺐ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﯾﮏ ﺣﺴﮕﺮ ﺧﺴﺎرت را ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 70 ،75 و 61 درﺻﺪ ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﻣـﯽ دﻫـﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨـ ﯿﻦ، ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺧﺴﺎرت ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﯽ در ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ، در ﺣﺎﻟﺘﯽ اﺗﻔﺎق ﻣﯽاﻓﺘﺪ ﮐﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ از ﺳﺎﻋﺖﻫﺎي 19 و 20 وارد ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ وﺟـﻮد اﯾﻨﮑـﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ آﻻﯾﻨﺪه ﺗﺰرﯾﻖ ﺷﺪه واﺑﺴﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎل ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮔﺮهﻫﺎي 17 ،15 ،5 و 19 در ﺟﻮابﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿـﺪ ﺷـﺪه ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﮑﺮار را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﺒﻬﻪ ﭘﺎرﺗﻮ در ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ روﯾﮑﺮد رﺑﺎﺳﺖ، ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ اﻧﺤﺮاف ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﺪف از ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺧـﻮد ﺑـﻪ ازاي ﺗﻤﺎم ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي داراي ﻋﺪم ﻗﻄﻌﯿﺖ ﺟﻮابﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Accidental or intentional entry of pollution into water distribution networks as one of the vital life lines of any country, causes extensive damage in society. Early detection and warning of contaminant injection in the water distribution network is of significant importance. In order to optimize the location of quality sensors, this study presents a new algorithm based on uncertainty in pollution entry location and time and water demands. For the first time, this study presents a bi-objective algorithm using the results of single-objective PSO optimization simultaneously for one of the NSGA-Ⅱ constraints based on water requirement uncertainty by the Minimax method and robust approach. The two goals are to minimize the maximum possible damage caused by the contaminated water consumed and to minimize the cost of sensor preparation and installation. In this study, considering three scenarios (S1, S2 and S3), arsenic injection with concentrations of 50, 100 and 150 mg / l from different nodes and in different time steps are investigated. The results of the developed model on a reference network reveal that in each of the three injection rate scenarios S1, S2 and S3, the installation of only one sensor reduces the damage by 75, 70 and 61%, respectively. Also, the entry of pollution from 19:00 and 20:00 leads to a critical scenario. Although, the location of the sensors depends on the concentration of the injected contaminant, the highest repeated location in the generated responses was found in nodes 5, 17, and 19. The proper formation of the Pareto front in all three scenarios of injection rate showed that for all parameters with uncertainty, the robust approach generates justified responses with a minimum deviation of the objective function from its optimal value.
