تبيين رابطه فاعليت خدا و انسان در قرآن با تأكيد بر نظريات فخر رازي

Explaining the relationship between the activity of God and man in the Qur'an with emphasis on the theories of Fakhr Razi

نقش انسان در افعال خود از مباحث مهم كلامي و تفسيري است، بدين معنا كه آيا انسان در افعال خود قدرت انتخاب دارد و يا اينكه مجبور اراده الهي است و اراده او در انجام افعال نقشي ندارد؟ فخر رازي، فيلسوف، متكلم و مفسر بزرگ قرن ششم و هفتم، افعال انسان را مخلوق خدا دانسته و معتقد است كه انسان در انجام افعال خود هيچ اختياري از خود نداشته، و اراده و اختيار انسان را منافي با توحيد در خالقيت و ربوبيت مي‌داند. وي علم ازلي و گستره الهي را موجب جبري بودن افعال مي‌داند و بيان مي‌كند همانگونه كه خدا، خالق انسان است، آفريدگار افعال او نيز مي‌باشد. نگارنده به روش توصيفي تحليلي، به كنكاش آراي فخر پرداخته و نظريه وي را متعارض با آيات قرآن و اصل عليت مي‌داند. از ديگر نتايج اين پژوهش، رابطه عرضي خالقيت خدا و انسان و تبيين رابطه ثبت اعمال انسان در ام‌الكتاب با جبري بودن انسان، مي‌توان اشاره كرد.

The role of man in his actions is one of the important theological and interpretive issues, that is, does man have the power of choice in his actions or is he forced by the divine will and his will has no role in performing actions? Fakhr Razi, a great philosopher, theologian and commentator of the sixth and seventh centuries, considers human actions as God's creation and believes that man has no authority in performing his actions, and considers man's will and authority to be contrary to monotheism in creation and lordship. He considers the eternal knowledge and divine scope as the cause of the coerciveness of actions and states that just as God is the creator of man, so he is the creator of his actions. In a descriptive-analytical method, the author explores the views of Fakhr and considers his theory to be in conflict with the verses of the Qur'an and the principle of causality. Other results of this research include the cross-sectional relationship between the creation of God and man and the explanation of the relationship between the recording of human deeds in Ommolketab and the coercion of human beings.