بررسي غلظت فلزات سنگين در منابع آب با استفاده از روش هاي مختلف زمين آمار- منطقه مورد مطالعه دشت آستانه

Investigation of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Water Resources Using Different Geostatistical Methods - Astana Plain Study Area

ﺎﺑﻊ آب ﻫﺎي زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ از ﺑﺎ ارزش ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻠﯽ، و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آن ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﯾﮑﯽ از راه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از آﻟـﻮدﮔ ﯽ آب ﻫـ ﺎي زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آن ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي زﻣﯿﻦ اﺳـﺖ . از ﻣﻨﻈـﺮ دﻗـﺖ و اﺛـﺮ درون ﯾـﺎﺑﯽ و ﻣﻨﺸـﺄ، اﯾـﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪاي ﺑﯿﻦ روش ﻫﺎي درون ﯾﺎﺑﯽ RBF ،OK و IDW ﺑﺮاي ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ Zn ،Pb و Cd را در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ دﺷﺖ آﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﺧﺘﻼف دﻗﺖ و ﻋﺪم ﻗﻄﻌﯿﺖ درون ﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﻣﻨﺸﺄ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﻋﻨﺎﺻـﺮ، آﻟﻮدهﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ در ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺮﻗﯽ ﻣﺤﺪوده در اﻃﺮاف ﻣﻌﺪن زﻏﺎلﺳﻨﮓ و ﺳﻨﮓ ﻣﺮﻣﺮ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖﺷﺪه ﺳﯿﺎهرود ﻣـﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ، ﻗـﺮار دارد. از ﺟﻨـﻮب ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺷﻤﺎل ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺷﺪه و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ در ﺷﻤﺎل ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﭘﺎرك ﻣﻠﯽ ﺑﻮﺟﺎق و درﯾﺎﭼﻪ ﺧﺰر ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑـﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي WHO ﻣﯽﺗﻮان درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاي Zn، ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﺠﺎز WHO ﻗﺮار دارد ﮐﻪ ﺣﺪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد آن mg/L 15 ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺣـﺪاﮐﺜﺮ Zn در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ mg/L 1/64 ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي Pb ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ در ﺷﻤﺎل ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﺠﺎز ﻗﺮار دارد. ﺑﺮاي Cd ﻣﻘﺪار ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎز اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺟﻬـﺎﻧﯽ mg/L 0/003 ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ آن ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻋﺪماﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ در درﺟﻪ اول در اﻃﺮاف ﻣﻌﺎدن ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻮع ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﻤﯽ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از دﺧﺎﻟﺖ اﻧﺴﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﺪنﮐﺎري، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ورود ﻓﺎﺿﻼب و ﭘﺴـﺎب ﻫـﺎي ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ و ﺷﻬﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ را ﻋﻠﺖ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ آب ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ داﻧﺴﺖ.

Groundwater resources are one of the most valuable national resources, and the protection of its quality is vital. One of the best ways to prevent groundwater pollution is to study the spatial changes in their quality and manage the utilization of water resources and land use. In terms of accuracy and effect of interpolation and origin, this study analyzes a comparison between OK, RBF and IDW interpolation methods for Pb, Zn and Cd . Also, the difference between the accuracy and uncertainty of interpolation and the source of pollution was analyzed and the results show that based on the spatial distribution of elements in the most polluted area in the southeast of the area around the coal and marble mine in the conservation area. Has been blacked out. Pollution has decreased from the south to the north of the region and the lowest amount of pollution is in the north of the region and near Bojagh National Park and Caspian Sea. According to WHO standards, it can be seen that for Zn, the whole area is within the WHO allowable range, the standard limit is 15 mg / L and the maximum Zn in the area is 1.64 mg / L. For Pb only small areas in the north of the area are within the allowable range. For Cd, the permissible limit of the global standard is 0.003 mg / L, which due to its spatial distribution, the whole area is contaminated with this element. Higher uncertainty of the elements is primarily distributed around the mines, which is related to the spatial diversity of toxic elements caused by human intervention. In addition to mining activities, the entry of industrial and municipal wastewater and effluents into groundwater resources can be considered as the cause of water pollution in the study area.