توريه در سيره پيامبر و ائمه

Tawriya (half-truth) in the Sira (Conducts and Manners) of the Prophet and the Imams

براي دروغ استثائاتي مانند حفظ جان و آشتي شمرده‌اند. در كنار آن مستثنيات، از توريه نيز به عنوان راهي براي فرار از دروغ ياد مي‌شود و به رواياتي از پيامبر| و ائمه استناد مي‌كنند كه بخشي از اين روايات، سيره عملي آن بزرگواران است. مقاله حاضر با رويكرد تاريخي ـ حديثي ضمن تلاش براي استقراي اين روايات، به بررسي اعتبار منابع و متن آنها مي‌پردازد تا به اين پرسش پاسخ دهد كه: سيره عملي پيامبر| و ائمه در اين باره چگونه بوده است؟ نتيجه‌اي كه از اين بررسي به دست مي‌آيد آن است كه از مجموع 22 روايتي كه بدان دست يافتيم، برخي به لحاظ منبع و سند قابل اعتماد و انتساب به معصوم نيست و برخي ديگر مصداق توريه به شمار نمي‌رود؛ فارغ از اينكه سخني صريح و بدون پنهان‌كاري است يا در رديف ديگر مجوزهاي شرعي مانند تقيه يا تاكتيك جنگي قرار مي‌گيرد.

There are exceptions to lying, such as saving lives and reconciling. In addition to those exceptions, the Tawriya is also mentioned as a way to escape from lying, and they cite narrations from the Prophet (PBUH) and the Imams (AS) that some of these narrations are the practical Sira of those nobles. This article, with its historical-hadithic approach, while trying to induce these narrations, examines the validity of their sources and text to answer this question: What has been the practical Sira of the Prophet (PBUH) and the Imams (AS) in this regard? The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that out of the total of 22 narrations that we have obtained, some are not reliable in terms of source and document and cannot be attributed to the innocent Imams, and others are not considered as examples of Tawriya; Regardless of whether they are explicit and non-confidential statements or in accordance with other religious licenses such as Taqiya (denial) or war tactics.