كليدواژه :
مدرنيسم ادبي , هرمنوتيك خود , تكنولوژي خود , سمپتوم شناسي
چكيده فارسي :
ﻓﻮﮐﻮ در واﭘﺴﯿﻦ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي ﺣﯿﺎت ﺧﻮﯾﺶ، ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد را ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﮥ ﺷﮑﻠﯽ ﺑﺪﯾﻞ از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ در ﻋﻠﻮم اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻄﺮح ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. وي ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺒﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد از ﯾﻮﻧﺎن ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن ﺗﺎ ﻋﺼﺮ ﻣﺪرن، ﻫﺮﻣﻨﻮﺗﯿﮏ ﺧﻮد را ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﮥ ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژيﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد، ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﺳﻮژة ﻣﺪرن ﺑﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻫﺮﻣﻨﻮﺗﯿﮏ ﺧﻮد ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﯾﺶ، ﺟﺮﯾﺎن اﻓﮑﺎر، ﻣﮑﻨﻮﻧﺎت دروﻧﯽ و ﻣﺨﻔﯽﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺣﺖ رواﻧﯽ ﺧﻮد را در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ دﯾﮕﺮي ﺑﺰرگ )اﻣﺮ ﻧﻤﺎدﯾﻦ(، ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﮥ ﻣﺘﻨﯽ ﮔﺸﻮده، در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ و ﺗﺄوﯾﻞ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ-دﻫﺪ. اﯾﻨﮏ ﺳﻮژه ﻧﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﮥ ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏﻫﺎي ﺳﻠﻄﻪ و اﺳﺘﯿﻼ، ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻫﺮﻣﻨﻮﺗﯿﮏ ﺧﻮد، از ﺳﻮي ﺳﺎﺣﺖ ﮐﻠﯽ اﺧﻼق و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل در ﻣﯽآﯾﺪ. از ﺳﻮي دﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﺪرﻧﯿﺴﻢ ادﺑﯽ ﺟﺮﯾﺎنﻫﺎي ادﺑﯽ و ﻫﻨﺮي آواﻧﮕﺎرد ﻗﺮن ﺑﯿﺴﺘﻢ(، ﺣﺎوي ﺳﻮﯾﻪﻫﺎ و ﺳﻤﭙﺘﻮمﻫﺎﯾﯽﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﻧﻈﻢِ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺎﻧﯽ ﻫﺮﻣﻨﻮﺗﯿﮏ ﺧﻮد ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد. ﺳﻤﭙﺘﻮم ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻣﺪرن ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﯿﺮ ﺗﺤﻮﻟﯽ آن از ﮐﻼﺳﯿﺴﯿﺴﻢ ﺗﺎ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﻗﺮن ﺑﯿﺴﺘﻢ، روﻧﺪي از ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮي درون ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ، ارﺟﺎع ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد، ﺑﺮون رﯾﺰي ﺧﻮد، ﺗﺄﻣﻞ در ﻧﻔﺲ و واﮐﺎوي ﺳﺎﺣﺖِ رواﻧﯽ را ﺗﺎ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎي آن، ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ؛ ﺳﻤﭙﺘﻮمﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﯽ در ﻧﻈﻢ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺎﻧﯽ ﻫﺮﻣﻨﻮﺗﯿﮏ ﺧﻮد ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺧﻮاﻧﺶ ﺳﻤﭙﺘﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﻣﺪرﻧﯿﺴﻢ ادﺑﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻤﭙﺘﻮمﻫﺎي اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﻫﺮﻣﻨﻮﺗﯿﮏ ﺧﻮد در اﯾﻦ ﻗﺴﻢ ادﺑﯿﺎت
چكيده لاتين :
In the last years of his life, Foucault introduced his techniques as an alternative form of technique in the humanities. Genealogizing his techniques from ancient Greece to modern times, he introduces hermeneutics as the most advanced and sophisticated form of his technologies. By applying its hermeneutics to itself, the modern subject exposes and interprets the flow of thoughts, inner secrets, and the most hidden layers of his psychic realm to another great (symbolic) thing, as an open text. The subject is now controlled not only by the techniques of domination and domination, but also by the general field of public morality and culture through its hermeneutic practices. Literary modernism, on the other hand (twentieth-century avant-garde literary and artistic currents), contains aspects and symptoms that show considerable affinity with its hermeneutic symptom system. The symptomatology of modern literature suggests that its evolution from the age of classicism to the first half of the twentieth century is a process of moving towards introversion, self-referral, self-expression, self-reflection, and the exploration of the psychological realm to the deepest Its layers show. Symptoms that are all recognizable in their hermeneutic order. In general, the symptomatic reading of literary modernism shows that the basic hermeneutic symptoms are recognizable in this form of literature.
