تأملي بر مشروطه‌خواهي وثوق‌الدوله: گذر از حكومت انفعالي به حكومت فعال در ايران دورة مشروطه

A Reflection on Vosough od-Dowleh's Pro-constitutionalism: A Passive-to-Active Government Transition in Peri-constitutional Iran

وثوق ­الدوله در شمار مشروطه­ خواهان و از جمله چهره­ هايي بود كه در گيرودار عدم تحقق مشروطه، برقراري حكومتي فعال و مقتدر را در سامان بخشيدن به وضعيت پرآشوب ايران آن روزگار مؤثر مي­ دانست. به ­زعم بسياري تمايل وي به روس و انگليس و نقش او در انعقاد قرارداد 1919م از جمله نقاط سياهي است كه چهرة مشروطه ­خواه او را زايل مي­ كند و از او چهره ­اي خيانتكار برمي­ سازد. او با نگاهي آسيب­ شناسانه به نقد حكومت انفعالي و تأثير آن بر ناكامي اجراي مشروطيت مي ­پردازد و پيشنهادهاي اصلاحي خود را دربارة روش و عملكرد مشروطه ­خواهان براي برقراري دولتي مقتدر و قوي، يا به تعبير خودش حكومت فعال، بيان مي­كند. در اين مقاله با روش تحليل تاريخي و مطالعة سندي سعي مي­ شود با توجه به بنيادهاي فكري و اصلاح ­گرانة وثوق ­الدوله، بر چگونگي عملكرد او در جهت تحقق مشروطه و برقراري حكومتي فعال تأمل شود. براساس يافته ­هاي تحقيق، وثوق ­الدوله با نظر به پيامدهاي پرآشوب دوران ابتدايي مشروطه، بر رفع دخالت نيروهاي مختلف مردمي و حزبي در كار مشروطه ­خواهان و گسترش دايرة اختيارات حكومت مشروطه تأكيد مي­ كند. او فارغ از الگوهاي پيشرفت اروپا به نوع بومي اين تحول در ايران توجه دارد و البته در جهت اعادة قدرت حكومت مركزي و حل مسائل داخلي، تكيه ايران به يكي از قدرت­هاي پيشرفتة خارجي را مجاز قلمداد مي­ كند.

Vosough od-Dowleh was a pro-constitutionalist and one of the figures who, perplexed by Constitutionalism's failure, considered it effective to establish an active/powerful government in order to deal with Iran's chaotic situation at that time. Many find his tendency towards relationships with Russia and Britain, as well as his conclusion of the 1919 Agreement as black marks that hide his constitutionalist deeds and defame him as a traitor. This study aims to investigate .He views on and actions for the establishment of Constitutionalism and an active government based on his record. He is one of the figures who made corrective suggestions for the constitutionalists' modus operandi for the establishment of a powerful government or, in his own words, an active government. Conducted as secondary historical research, the present study looked at the reformist ideas of him to analyze his work towards enabling a constitutional system and an active government. The study found that Vossug ed-Dowleh, seeing the chaotic and intertwined consequences of early Iranian constitutionalism, worked to realize the movement’s goals by not only stopping the interference of the public and political parties in the affairs of the constitutionalists, but also by seeking to expand the scope of the constitutional government’s authority. He also sought to bring about a localized brand of constitutionalist change in Iran that did not necessarily follow European ways of progress. Finally, he found it acceptable for Iran to rely on a developed foreign power to restore the authority of the central government and resolve domestic issues.