چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Tourism is one of the largest and fastest-growing industries globally,
both in developed and developing countries and is also a good tool for
boosting the economic power of the regions. In addition, the
development of the tourism industry to promote the destination's image
allows the area to achieve other benefits such as job creation and
business creation. Also, today, tourism is considered as one of the new
functions of rural spaces. But this industry is associated with many risks
and threats for tourists; their perception can play a significant role in
travel decisions, readiness, and their response to these risks. Slowly
With the increase of natural threats (such as infectious diseases, natural
disasters, etc.), safety and security have become a worrying factor
among tourists. Increasing the risk perception of communities can be
considered as the first and most effective step for the optimal guidance
and success of the community-based risk management process. Risk
perception consists of various cognitive, emotional, and functional
factors and is an intrinsic dimension of the tourist's choice of
destination. Tourists' perception of environmental hazards and elements
can play a very important role in deciding to travel and choose a tourist
destination by affecting the mental image of the destination. Torqabeh District of Binalood County, located in Khorasan Razavi province with
19 villages, mainly in the river, is in great demand by weekend tourists
due to its proximity to the city of Mashhad pilgrims. Also, the villages
of this city have natural attractions and suitable weather conditions, and
the existence of these attractions is not free of dangers. They are
exposed to many perceived and unnoticed risks. The present study seeks
to investigate and identify the factors affecting the perception of
tourists' risk of environmental hazards in rural destinations and its
impact on the choice of destination by the tourist. Materials and Methods
In this research, the phenomenological approach has been used to
conduct field research and analyze the level of tourists' risk perception
of the risks of rural tourism destinations and the factors affecting them.
Through this qualitative method, relevant data have been collected and
interpreted by in-depth interview method among rural tourists in
Torqabeh District of Binalood County. The interviewees include 30
tourists from the studied villages who have the experience of presence
and tourism in the destination villages. In this interview, a set of
personal and professional characteristics were also considered.
Interviews average time, all of which were face-to-face and direct,
varied depending on the individuals' circumstances, the desire to talk,
the job, the history of visiting and touring the area, and so on, and was
about 18 minutes.
The interviews began with a brief explanation of the research objectives
and individual characteristics of the individuals. They were based on
several key questions about the perception and experience of hazards,
prevailing hazards, and factors influencing perception and its impact on
tourist performance.
Next, when conducting interviews, data management and analysis, in
the stages of data familiarity, identifying related phrases, formulating
meanings (without researcher assumptions), clustering topics,
comprehensive description of the phenomenon, and making the main
topic of the findings that Samples were referred for validation. Discussion and Results
Based on the present study's findings, the main risks perceived by the
sample tourists can be classified into two dimensions: natural and
human, among which human risks with financial, physical, and sociopsychological
risks have the highest frequency. In the mentioned
human hazards, road accidents, theft and insecurity, disease, and the
dimension of natural hazards of floods, earthquakes, and mountain falls
have been expressed by tourists as the most probable hazards.
According to the background of studies in risk perception, tourists' risk
perception can be considered overshadowed by subjective and objective
factors as follows: Mental factors in two dimensions of individualsocial
characteristics such as age, gender, educational experience,
social status, educational level, income, and social experience, and
cognitive abilities such as personality type, emotions, attitudes, values
and so on. The second category is objective factors that include
observations of the social and natural environment in the tourist
destination and the security situation of "food, housing, transportation,
travel, shopping, entertainment" in the travel process. Based on
objective factors of crime and insecurity, weather conditions, health
conditions, physical equipment (vehicles and housing, etc.) and
destination facilities, environmental pollution, cultural differences,
local attitudes and indicators of natural disasters, and media and news
can cause tourists to perceive the danger. However, tourists' travel
behavior after perceiving the danger can also be examined and
categorized in two approaches of avoiding danger or dealing with
danger. Conclusions
Considering the role of tourism in economic development and rural
sustainability, strengthening the security dimension of tourism and
increasing areas of risk perception and readiness of tourists to deal with
them by increasing tourists 'awareness and awareness by strengthening
risky communication, increasing tourists' skills in preparing for crisis
Possible information, information about the situation in the area before
deciding to travel, travel with full equipment, not to enter the area of
rivers and the dangerous regions, increase road and road safety and create warning signs in hazardous areas, rising rivers, Etc. can be useful
by different groups of tourists and tourism development officials
