پيش بيني نگراني از تصوير بدني بر اساس طرحواره هاي ناسازگار اوليه و سبك هاي دلبستگي

Predicting the body image concern based on early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻓﭙﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ از ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻃﺮﺣﻮارهﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎر اوﻟﯿﻪ و ﺳﺒﮏﻫﺎي دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻮع ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ 400 داﻧﺸﺠﻮي دﺧﺘﺮ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ در ﺳﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ 1397-98 ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﺑﺰارﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ از ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ )ﻟﯿﺘﻠﺘﻮن، 2005(، ﻃﺮﺣﻮارهﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎر اوﻟﯿﻪ ﯾﺎﻧﮓ، 1998( و ﺳﺒﮏﻫﺎي دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ )ﮐﻮﻟﯿﻨﺰ و رﯾﺪ، 1990( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ روشﻫﺎي ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن و رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪل ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻃﺮﺣﻮارهﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎر اوﻟﯿﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻃﺮﺣﻮارهﻫﺎي ﺧﻮدﮔﺮداﻧﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺨﺘﻞ، ﺑﺮﯾﺪﮔﯽ و ﻃﺮد، دﯾﮕﺮ ﺟﻬﺖﻣﻨﺪي، ﮔﻮش ﺑﻪ زﻧﮕﯽ ﺑﯿﺶ از ﺣﺪ و ﺑﺎزداري و ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻞ و ﺳﺒﮏﻫﺎي دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻧﺎاﯾﻤﻦ اﺟﺘﻨﺎﺑﯽ و دوﺳﻮﮔﺮا ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ از ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ در داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن دﺧﺘﺮ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار و ﺳﺒﮏ دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ اﯾﻤﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ از ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ آﻧﺎن راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ و ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻃﺮﺣﻮارهﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎر اوﻟﯿﻪ و ﺳﺒﮏﻫﺎي دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ 46/6 درﺻﺪ از ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ از ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ در داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن دﺧﺘﺮ را ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ )P<0/05(. ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ در داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن دﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﮐﺎرﮔﺎهﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻃﺮﺣﻮارهﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎر اوﻟﯿﻪ و ﺳﺒﮏﻫﺎي دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻧﺎاﯾﻤﻦ را ﮐﺎﻫﺶ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺳﺒﮏ دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ اﯾﻤﻦ را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داد.

Present study aimed to predicting the body image concern based on early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles. This research was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The sample research was 400 undergraduate girl students of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad branch in 2018-19 academic years which were selected by multistep cluster sampling method. The research tools including the questionnaire of body image concern (Littleton & et al, 2005), early maladaptive schemas (Young, 1998) and attachment styles (Collins & Reid, 1990). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression with enter model. The findings showed that early maladaptive schemas including schemas of impaired autonomy and performance, disconnection and rejection, other directedness, excessive vigilance and inhibition and impaired limits and avoidant and ambivalent insecure attachment styles had a positive and significant relationship with body image concern in university girl students and secure attachment style had a negative and significant relationship with their body image concern. The prediction variables means early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles significantly could explain 46/6 percent of variance of body image concern in university girl students (p < 0/05). Regarded to the results to decrease the body image concern in university girl students via workshop can decrease the rate of early maladaptive schemas and insecure attachment styles and increase the rate of secure attachment style.