ارائه مدلي براي افزايش خلاقيت دانش‌آموزان متوسطه دوره دوم شهر تهران

Presenting a model for increase creativity of high school students of Tehran city

ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف اراﺋﻪ ﻣﺪﻟﯽ ﺑﺮاي اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻪ دوره دوم ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و از ﻧﻈﺮ روش اﺟﺮاﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ )ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﮐﻤﯽ( ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﻋﻀﺎي ﻫﯿﺄت ﻋﻠﻤﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺗﻬﺮان و در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻤﯽ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻪ دوره دوم ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ 4 ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 1649 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ 50 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻤﯽ 308 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﺮور ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ، ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن و ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ )21 ﮔﻮﯾﻪ( ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﮐﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ روش آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ 0/86 ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ روش ﻫﺎي آزﻣﻮن ﺗﯽ ﺗﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اي، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ و ﻣﺪل ﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري در ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫﺎي SPSS و LISREL ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻈﺮات ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن از ﻣﯿﺎن ﻫﻔﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮدي، ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ، ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﯾﺎددﻫﯽ- ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي، ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺘﯽ و ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ، ﻓﻘﻂ ﺳﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮدي، ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده و ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ.ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﺪل ﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ از ﻣﯿﺎن ﺳﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮدي و ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ و ﻣﺪل ﺑﺮازش ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ داﺷﺖ.دﯾﮕﺮ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺗﺮ از ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻓﺮدي و ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﻣﯿﺰان ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﻪ دوره دوم را افزايش داد

Present research aim to presenting a model for increase creativity of high school students of Tehran city. This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was mixed (qualitative and quantitative). The research population in qualitative section was faculty members of Islamic Azad University Tehran province and in quantitative section was high school students district 4 of Tehran city with number of 1649 people. The research sample in qualitative section was 50 people who were selected by purposive sampling method and in quantitative section was 308 people who were selected by simple random sampling method. Data were collected with the help of background review, interview with experts and researcher-made questionnaire (21 items), that reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method 0.86. Data were analyzed by methods of one sample t-test, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in SPSS and LISREL software. The findings showed that according to the opinions experts, among seven factors of individual, school, social, physical environment, teaching-learning environment, educational and family, only three factors of individual, family and school was influenced on creativity. Also, the results of structural equation modeling showed that among the mentioned three factors, individual and school factors influenced on creativity, respectively and the model had a good fit. Other findings showed that students' creativity is lower than average. Regarded to the findings via improving individual and school factors and related indicators can be increased the creativity of high school students.