اثربخشي آموزش مديريت والدين بر روابط مادر فرزندي و خود انتقادي مادران - كودكان كم توان ذهني

The effectiveness of parent management training on mother-child relationships and self- criticism mothers of children with intellectual disability

ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ آﻣﻮزش ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ واﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﺑﺮ رواﺑﻂ ﻣﺎدر- ﻓﺮزﻧﺪي و ﺧﻮد اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي ﻣﺎدران ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﮐﻢ ﺗﻮان ذﻫﻨﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻮع ﻧﯿﻤﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻃـﺮح ﭘﯿﺶ آزﻣﻮن و ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن دو ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ )آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل( ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﻣـﺎدران ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﮐﻢ ﺗﻮان ذﻫﻨﯽ )ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري و ﻣﺪارس اﺳـﺘﺜﻨﺎﯾﯽ( ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎن ﭘـﺎرس آﺑـﺎد در ﺳـﺎل 1395 ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي دردﺳﺘﺮس ﺗﻌـﺪاد 30 ﻧﻔـﺮ اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب و در دو ﮔـﺮوه آزﻣـﺎﯾﺶ )15 ﻧﻔـﺮ( و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل )15 ﻧﻔﺮ( ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري دادهﻫﺎ از ﻣﻘﯿﺎس راﺑﻄﻪ واﻟﺪ- ﮐﻮدك و ﺳـﻄﻮح ﺧـﻮد اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺗﺤﺖ 8 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ 60 دﻗﯿﻘﻪ اي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ آﻣﻮزش ﻣـﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ واﻟـﺪﯾﻦ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ و ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﺪون ﻫﯿﭻﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ اي ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ روش وارﯾـﺎﻧﺲ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﯾﻦ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ آﻣﻮزش ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ واﻟـﺪﯾﻦ ﺑـﺮ رواﺑـﻂ ﻣﺎدر-ﻓﺮزﻧﺪي و ﺧﻮد اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي ﻣﺎدران اﺛﺮ ﮔﺬار اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد آﻣـﻮزش ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﻣـﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ واﻟـﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ رواﺑﻂ ﻣﺎدر- ﻓﺮزﻧﺪي و ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي آن و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻮداﻧﺘﻘﺎدي و ﻣﻮﻟﻔـﻪﻫـﺎﯾﺶ در ﻣـﺎدران ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﮐﻢ ﺗﻮان ذﻫﻨﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﯿﺎن ﮐﺮد آﻣﻮزش ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ واﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ روش ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد رواﺑﻂ ﻣﺎدر- ﻓﺮزﻧﺪي و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻮداﻧﺘﻘﺎدي در ﻣﺎدران ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﮐﻢ ﺗﻮان ذﻫﻨﯽ باشد

The aim of study was to investigate the effectiveness of parent management training program on mother-child relationships and self- criticism mothers of children with intellectual disability. This study is a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test in two groups (experimental and control) respectively. The population consisted of all mothers of children with intellectual disability (care centers and special schools) Pars Abad city in 1395 that 30 individuals were selected by convenience sampling method and were replaced in two experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. Parent-Child Relationship Scale and levels of self- criticism were used to collect data. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 60-minute of parent management training and a control group remained with no intervention. The data analysis was performed by MANOVA. . The hypothesis of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of parent management training program on mother-child relationships and self- criticism mothers of children with intellectual disability. Results showed that parent management training programs enhance the mother-child relationship and its components and reduce self-criticism and its components in mothers of children with intellectual disability. As a result, it can be stated, parent management training program can be an efficient method to improve mother-child relationships and self-criticism decline in mothers of children with intellectual disability.