اثربخشي آموزش اشعار ريتميك بر بهبود كاركرد حافظه فعال، كاهش لكنت و اضطراب كودكان مبتلا به لكنت زبان

The Effectiveness of Rhythmic Poetry Training on Improving of Working Memory, decreasing of Severity of Stuttering and Anxiety in Children with Stuttering

ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ آﻣﻮزش اﺷﻌﺎر رﯾﺘﯿﻤﯿﮏ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﻓﻌﺎل، ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﻟﮑﻨﺖ و اﺿﻄﺮاب ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﻟﮑﻨﺖ زﺑﺎن ﺑﻮد. ﻃﺮح ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ، ﺑﺎ ﻃـﺮح ﭘـﯿﺶآزﻣـﻮن، ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻮاه و دوره ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮي ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري، ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن 6-12 ﺳﺎﻟﮥ ﻣﺒـﺘﻼ ﺑـﻪ ﻟﮑﻨـﺖ زﺑـﺎن ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﮔﻔﺘﺎر درﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ اﻫﻮاز در ﺳﺎل 1396 ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﮔﯿﺮي در دﺳـﺘﺮس ﺗﻌﺪاد 30 ﻧﻔﺮ از آﻧﺎن اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ )15 ﻧﻔﺮ( و ﮔﻮاه )15 ﻧﻔﺮ( ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺷﺪت ﻟﮑﻨﺖ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن )راﯾﻠـﯽ، 2009(، آزﻣـﻮن ﺗﮑـﺮار ﻧﺎﮐﻠﻤـﻪ )ﺑﺎرﯾـﮏرو و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران، 1390( و ﻣﻘﯿﺎس اﺿﻄﺮاب آﺷﮑﺎر ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن )رﯾﻨﻮﻟﺪز ورﯾﭽﻤﻮﻧﺪ، 1985( ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دادﻧﺪ. ﮔﺮوه ﮔـﻮاه در اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻣﺎﻧﺪ و آﻣﻮزش اﺷﻌﺎر رﯾﺘﻤﯿﮏ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻃﯽ 16 ﺟﻠﺴـﻪ 90 دﻗﯿﻘـﻪاي ﺑﻪﺻـﻮرت ﻫـﺮ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ 2 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ؛ در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت درﻣﺎﻧﯽ و 2 ﻣﺎه ﺑﻌﺪ، ﻣﺠﺪداً آزﻣﻮدﻧﯽﻫﺎي ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ و ﮔﻮاه، ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. دادهﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ وارﯾـﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﺨـﺘﻠﻂ ﺑـﺎ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﮑﺮر ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ آﻣﻮزش اﺷﻌﺎر رﯾﺘﯿﻤﯿﮏ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﮐـﺎرﮐﺮد ﺣﺎﻓﻈـﻪ ﻓﻌﺎل و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﺪت ﻟﮑﻨﺖ زﺑﺎن و اﺿﻄﺮاب ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﻟﮑﻨـﺖ زﺑـﺎن ﻣﯽﺷـﻮد )0/01

The purpose of this study was to the effectiveness of rhythmic poetry training on improving of working memory and decreasing of severity of stuttering and anxiety in children with stuttering. The experimental design was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included all children 12-6 year old with stutterers referring to speech therapy centers in Ahvaz in the year 1396. Among the statistical population of this study were selected 30 people using convenience sampling, and were placed randomly in experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups; and responded to Stuttering Severity Instrument (Reynolds & Richmond, 1985),Nonword Repetition test (Barikroo et al., 2011) and Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (Riley, 1994). The control group was awaited and rhythmic poetry training for the experimental group was carried out in 16 sessions of 60 minutes each week for 2 sessions; Then, at the end of the therapeutic interventions and again 2 months later, the subjects of the experimental and control groups were evaluated by questionnaires. Data were analyzed using mixed variance analysis with repeated measures. The results showed that rhythmic poetry training improved the function of active memory and decreased stuttering and anxiety in children with stuttering and this effect remained stable at follow up stage. rhythmic poetry training by strengthen the role of the right hemisphere in language control and increase nerve branches by forming and activating the cerebral cortex leads to improved the function of active memory and reduced stuttering and anxiety in children with stuttering.