پديد آورندگان :
ﻫﺪاﯾﺖﻓﺮد، ﻣﺤﻤﺪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ - ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ , ﻏﻼﻣﯽ، ﺣﻤﯿﺪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ - ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ , ﺳﻠﯿﻤﺎنﭘﻮر، ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﯾﺞ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺷﯿﺮاز - بخش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺧﺎك و آﺑﺨﯿﺰداري - ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت و آﻣﻮزش ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس , ﺣﻠﯽﺳﺎز، ارﺷﮏ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ - ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ
كليدواژه :
ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎنزاﯾﯽ , ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ , ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ , ﺧﺎك ﻟﺨﺖ , ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ
چكيده فارسي :
ﻓﺮﺳﺎﯾﺶ آﺑﮑﻨﺪي ﯾﮑﯽ از ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ و ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎنزاﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮﻫﻢ زدن ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري آن ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻓﺮﺳﺎﯾﺶ آﺑﮑﻨﺪي، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻫﺎي دادهﮐﺎوي در ﺣﻮزه آﺑﺨﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﺎن در ﺷﻤﺎل اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزي ﻓﺮﺳﺎﯾﺶ آﺑﮑﻨﺪي، از اﻟﮕﻮرﯾﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﺧﻮﺷﻪﺑﻨﺪي K-Means و درﺧﺖ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ CART ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮده ﺷﺪ. دﻗﺖ ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ زده ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ آﺑﺨﯿﺰ اﯾﺠﺎد آﺑﮑﻨﺪﻫﺎ در ﻣﺪل ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ، ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ دادهﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 100 درﺻﺪ و ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ دادهﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ 71/43 درﺻﺪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ از اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ از 40 آﺑﮑﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻫﺪف )ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ آﺑﺨﯿﺰ اﯾﺠﺎد( و 12 ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﻮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﯿﺐ اﯾﺠﺎد، ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، ﺧﺎك ﻟﺨﺖ، ﺳﻨﮓرﯾﺰه ﺳﻄﺤﯽ، ﻻﺷﺒﺮگ ﺳﻄﺤﯽ، ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﻋﺼﺎره اﺷﺒﺎع، اﺳﯿﺪﯾﺘﻪ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺟﺬﺑﯽ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ، ﻣﺎده آﻟﯽ، رس، ﺳﯿﻠﺖ و ﺷﻦ، در ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ و آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﻨﺎوريﻫﺎي دادهﮐﺎوي اﺳﺖ، ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد آﺑﮑﻨﺪﻫﺎ در اﯾﻦ ﺣﻮزه آﺑﺨﯿﺰ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﯿﻠﺖ، اﺳﯿﺪﯾﺘﻪ، ﺧﺎك ﻟﺨﺖ، ﺳﻨﮓرﯾﺰه و ﻣﺎده آﻟﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ آن، وﺟﻮد ﻣﺎده آﻟﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در ﺧﺎك ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﯾﻦ روش در اﻣﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل آﺑﮑﻨﺪﻫﺎ و اﺛﺮ ﻣﺨﺮب و ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪي اراﺿﯽ ﻟﺨﺖ و ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ در ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﯾﺶ آﺑﮑﻨﺪي را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ، ﺣﺘﯽاﻟﻤﻘﺪور ﺑﺎ اﯾﺠﺎد و اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ داﺋﻢ و ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر، اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺧﺎك و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺎده آﻟﯽ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ، در اراﺿﯽ ﮐﻪ داراي ﻣﻘﺪار ﺳﯿﻠﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺑﺎ دﻗﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺷﻮد.
چكيده لاتين :
Gully erosion is one of the most important phenomenons in land degradation and desertification, which upsets the balance of environmental resources and its sustainability. The aim of this study was to determine the effective factors on creation of gully erosion using data mining methods in Bayan Watershed in the north of Fars Province. K-Means clustering algorithms and CART decision tree were used to model gully erosion. The estimated accuracy based on the parameters affecting the creation area in the final model is 100% for the educational data set and 71.43% for the experimental data set. Results from measuring different variables from 40 selected gullies, including a target variable (creation area) and twelve predictive variables, like creation slope, vegetation, bare soil, surface gravel, surface litter, EC, pH, SAR, OM, clay, silt and sand in field and laboratory operations and the use of data mining techniques, showed that the creation of gullies in this watershed is a function of silt, acidity, bare soil, gravel and organic matter. These results showed the effect of vegetation and consequently, the presence of adequate organic matter in the soil as the most appropriate method for controlling gullies and the destructive and intensifying effect of bare lands without vegetation in intensifying gully erosion. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and establish permanent and compatible vegetation, to stabilize and improve soil structure and increase organic matter, and control and management programs, in lands with more silt, to be operated more carefully.
