ارزيابي مدل‌هاي برآورد بار كف رودخانه به‌منظور معرفي مدل مناسب، مطالعه موردي: رودخانه حبله‌رود

Evaluating river bed load estimation models to introduce a suitable model, case study: Hablehroud River

ﺑﺮآورد ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﻣﯿﺰان رﺳﻮبدﻫﯽ ﯾﮏ ﺣﻮزه آﺑﺨﯿﺰ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﺪه در ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ آب، ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ، ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب، ﺗﺄﺳﯿﺴﺎت و ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي آﺑﯽ و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﺮاي اﺟﺮاي ﻃﺮح ﻫﺎ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اي اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻨﻮع زﯾﺎد ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﺎر رﺳﻮب در رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ و ﻧﺒﻮد اﻃﻼﻋﺎت در ﻣﻮرد ﻧﺤﻮه اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آن را ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪلﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮآورد ﺑﺎر ﮐﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردي رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺒﻠﻪ رود ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺪل ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ ﺑﺎر ﮐﻒ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻫﻨﺪﺳﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺒﻠﻪرود و ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن از ﺑﺎﻧﮏ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺷﺮﮐﺖ آب ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪاي ﺳﻤﻨﺎن ﺟﻤﻊآوري و داﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪي رﺳﻮﺑﺎت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ روش اﻟﮏ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﺎر ﺑﺴﺘﺮ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﯿﺪروﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﻨﮑﻮه، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮنﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ رواﺑﻂ ﻣﺎﯾﺮ-ﭘﯿﺘﺮ-ﻣﻮﻟﺮ، اﻧﺸﺘﯿﻦ-ﺑﺮاون، ﺑﮕﻨﻮﻟﺪ و ﺗﻮﻓﺎﻟﺘﯽ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﯾﻦ رواﺑﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪه در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﯿﺪروﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﻨﮑﻮه در ﺑﺎزه زﻣﺎﻧﯽ 1390-1396 ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، روش ﺗﻮﻓﺎﻟﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار MAE ،RMSE و R ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 10/86 ،20/07 و 83 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ را از ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﺎر ﮐﻒ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ روشﻫﺎ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻋﺒﻮري و ﺣﻮزه آﺑﺨﯿﺰ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺒﻠﻪ رود از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﻋﻤﺪه ﻣﺴﯿﺮ از ﺳﻨﮓﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ داراي ﻓﺮﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ ﺗﻮﻓﺎﻟﺘﯽ، ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ از رودﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ.

Estimation of sediment bed load is one of the most important issues in river engineering. Accordingly, several methods and relations have been proposed to estimate the bed load in streams for the past decades. The present research aimed to select the most accurate method to estimate bed load through the testing of various relations to estimate the bed load of the Hablehroud River. The hydraulic and geometric specifications of the Hablehroud River at Bankouh hydrometry station were measured on specific dates by the expert team. The bed load rate was calculated by four different relations in Bankouh hydrometry station from 2011 to 2017. Resultant data showed that the Toffaletti method with RMSE, MAE, and R2 of 20.07, 10.86, and 83 estimates more accurate in comparison with other methods. The sensitivity analysis of the Toffaletti equation revealed that the bed load depends greatly on the velocity of the river flow. Such a method is firmly recommended to use in the mountainous region.