تاثير اقليم آب و هوايي بر عملكرد اقتصادي و زيست محيطي توربين بادي به روش ارزيابي چرخه حيات

Impact of Climate on Economic and Environmental Performance of Wind Turbine Based on Life Cycle Assessment Method

اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ روز اﻓﺰون ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژي ﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺪﯾﺪ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﻧﻔﺖ و ﮔﺎز و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ذﺧﺎﯾﺮ آﻧﺎن، ﻟﺰوم ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﭘﺎك و ﺗﺠﺪﯾﺪﭘﺬﯾﺮ را ﺑﯿﺶ از ﭘﯿﺶ ﺿﺮوري ﻣﯽﺳﺎزد. در اﯾﻦ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﻧﺮژي ﺑﺎد ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اﻧﺮژي اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﻫﺎي آب و ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺗﻮرﺑﯿﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎدي ﯾﮏ ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزي ﻋﺪدي در ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ﻣﺘﻠﺐ، اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮات ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردي اﯾﻦ ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزي ﻋﺪدي ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﺎن ﺷﺪه در 4ﺷﻬﺮ اﯾﺮان ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي رﺷﺖ، ﺗﻬﺮان، آﺑﺎدان و ﺳﻨﻨﺪج ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪﮔﺎن اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ آب و ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر اﯾﺮان ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ي ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﺮف ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺗﺮاز ﺷﺪه واﺣﺪ اﻧﺮژي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﺷﻬﺮ آﺑﺎدان ﺑﺎ ﻫﺰ ﯾﻨﻪ ﺗﺮاز ﺷﺪه 1/04دﻻر ﺑﻪ ازاي ﻫﺮ ﮐﯿﻠﻮوات ﺳﺎﻋﺖ اﻧﺮژي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ زﯾ ﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي روش ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺣﯿﺎت ﺑﻮده، ﺑﺎ درﻧﻈﺮﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﻘﺪار ﮐﺮﺑﻦ دي اﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪي در ﻃﻮل ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ و ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﮔﺬاري آن ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺮﯾﻤﻪ اي، ﺷﻬﺮ رﺷﺖ را ﺑﺎ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﻣﻌﺘﺪل ﻣﺮﻃﻮب و ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻧﺘﺸﺎر 156ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﮐﺮﺑﻦ دي اﮐﺴﯿﺪ در ﺳﺎل و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺟﺮﯾﻤﻪ اي )ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺎﻧﻪ 2/26دﻻر( در ﻣﯿﺎن ﺷﻬﺮ ﻫﺎي دﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد.

The increasing consumption of non-renewable energy sources such as oil and gas and reducing their reserves make it more necessary to pay attention to clean and renewable resources. In this situation, wind energy is known as one of the safest options for generating electrical energy. In this study, with the aim of evaluating the impact of climate change on the economic and environmental characteristics of wind turbines, numerical modeling was developed in MATLAB software. In order to evaluate the effects of the mentioned parameters as a case study, this numerical modeling for the parameters expressed in 4 cities of Iran, including Rasht, Tehran, Abadan, and Sanandaj, as the representatives of the main climates of Iran has been analyzed. According to the results of the economic point of view, which represents the Levelized cost of the energy production unit, Abadan was recognized as the most economical case with a Levelized cost of 1.04 $ per kilowatt-hour of energy. Also, the environmental aspect of the analysis, which is based on the life cycle assessment method, considering the amount of carbon dioxide produced during the system life cycle and its pricing based on penalty policies, Rasht with a mild climate and emissions of 156 kg. Carbon dioxide per year and the lowest fine cost (annual cost $ 2.26) showed the most suitable option among other cities.