شعر به مثابۀ رويدادِ سكوت: خوانشي دلوزي-هايدگري از «هنر شاعري» نوشتۀ آرچيبالد مك‌ ليش

Poetry as an Event of Silence in Archibald MacLeish’s “Ars Poetica”: A Heideggerian-Deleuzean Reading

پژوهش حاضر به خوانشِ مورديِ شعر «هنر شاعري»، اثر آرچيبالد مك‌ليش، در پرتو نظريات دلوز-گتاري و هايدگر در باب معناآفريني مي‌پردازد. معنا‌آفريني در حوزۀ معناي دلوز و گتاري برخلاف روند مألوف معنايابي عقل متعارف، اسكيزوفرن، انقلابي، و هنرمندانه است؛ انقلابي به معناي ادبيات اقليتي و هنرمندانه به معناي شاعرانه. شاعرانگي معنا در شعر، به مثابۀ رويدادي همانند رويداد‌ انديشي شعر در فلسفۀ هنر هايدگر، به سكوت برگزار مي‌شود. روزۀ سكوت شعر، آفريدگاه معناهاي مكرر و متفاوتي است كه در شدن‌ها و شدت‌هاي پي در پي بدنِ بدونِ اندام بروز مي‌يابند. بدين شيوه شعر، معنا و حقيقت را چون رويدادي خلاف عادت و شأني از شئونات هستي در كار مي‌نشاند. از اين رو رويدادگونگي شعر با معنا‌بخشي‌اش مصادف مي‌شود. طرفه آنكه آرچيبالد مك‌ليش در شعر «هنر شاعري» (“Ars Poetica”) هستندگي و در-جهان-‌بودن شعر را با چيدمان پارادايم‌هاي سكوت، سكون و بي‌واژگي بر معنا‌آفريني مألوف بنا مي‌نهد. بدين طريق، شعر معناي متعارف را برنمي‌تابد زيرا دغدغۀ معناهاي رويدادگون متفاوت و اشتدادي را به مثابۀ در-جهان-بودن دارد. اين مقاله بر آن است تا فرايند معناآفريني را در شعر نامبرده با تكيه بر يك چارچوب تركيبي از فلسفه دلوز-گتاري و هايدگر بررسي كند و همزمان به شيوه‌اي توصيفي، يك خوانش نزديك از شعر مك‌ليش به دست دهد.

Meaning-making in the Deleuze-Guattari semantic region is revolutionary and artis tic schizophrenia, contrary to the conventional process of the semantics of conventional reason. Revolutionary means minor literature, and artis tic means poetic. The poetics of meaning in poetry is held silently as an event similar to the poetic thought event in Heidegger’s philosophy of art. Poetry’s vow of silence is the creating place of recurring and different meanings that appear in the successive turns and intensities of the body without organs. In this way, poetry uses meaning and truth as an event out of habit and as dignity of exis tence. Hence, the eventfulness of poetry coincides with its meaning. Surprisingly, Archibald MacLeish builds the beingness of poetry in ‘Ars Poetica’ by arranging the paradigms of silence, s tillness, and wordlessness on familiar meaning-making. In this way, poetry does not tolerate the conventional meaning because it is concerned with different and intensified eventful meanings as being in the world. The present s tudy is a Deleuzian-Heide- ggerian reading of MacLeish’s poetic art in the light of the above concepts and considers poetry as an event focused on pure and unfamiliar meaning and truth. Background of S tudy: Both old and new s tudies surrounding MacLeish’s “Ars Poetica” are mos tly either close readings of the poem’s rhetoric and linguis tic potentials or its thematic and aes thetic aspects. However, none of these takes advantage of a philosophical framework comprising the views of Deleuze-Guattari and Heidegger. This theoretical framework, however, has been adopted in this article which will give more depth to the extant readings of the poem and can be viewed as a new s tep in the interpretation of MacLeish’s poetic manifes to. Methodology: This research combines the philosophical views of Deleuze-Guattari and Heidegger to form a theoretical framework for explaining the difficulties and paradoxes of MacLeish’s “Ars Poetica.” In this respect, these views will balance poetic creation as revolution and schizophrenia agains t the semantics of conventional reason. Thus, notions of poetry as a silent event or body without organs will be our core theoretical criteria to be applied in our reading of the poem. Conclusion: McLeish’s “Ars Poetica” is a poetic manifes to that easily yields to a Deleuzian-Heideggerian philosophical reading in that it will not provide the readers with conventional meaning, but gives life to unthought and unprecedented meanings by effecting on a revolutionary and schizophrenic process of meaning- making. Of essential significance are the process of this poem’s being silent, being an event, and being a body without organs. Thus, the poem’s unmeaning demons trates precisely its being as well as its meaning.