كليدواژه :
اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺑﻨﺪي , ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻣﺘﺮي , ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ , ﺳﯿﻞ ﺧﯿﺰي , آﻧﺘﺮوﭘﯽ ﺷﺎﻧﻮن , روش TOPSIS
چكيده فارسي :
ﺳﯿﻞ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺑﻼﯾﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎن ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺧﺴﺎرتﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻟﯽ و ﺟﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ زﯾﺮﺣﻮﺿﻪﻫﺎي داراي ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺳﯿﻞ و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ آن ﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺳﯿﻞ در ﺣﻮﺿﻪي آﺑﺨﯿﺰ ﮐﺎﮐﺎرﺿﺎ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ در اﯾﺠﺎد ﺳﯿﻞ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دو ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ آﻧﺘﺮوﭘﯽ ﺷﺎﻧﻮن و TOPSIS و ﻧﯿﺰ آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﺣﻮﺿﻪي آﺑﺨﯿﺰ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪي اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ )GIS( اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از 15 ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎرش، ﺑﺎرش ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ روزاﻧﻪ، ﺷﻤﺎره ي ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ، ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ زﻫﮑﺸﯽ، ﺷﯿﺐ، ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ آﺑﺮاﻫﻪ، ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪاﺷﺖ آﺑﺮاﻫﻪ، ﺑﺎﻓﺖ زﻫﮑﺸﯽ، ﻋﺪد ﻧﺎﻫﻤﻮاري، ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﮔﺮدي، ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻓﺸﺮدﮔﯽ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﻮاري، ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻓﺮم، ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﮐﺸﯿﺪﮔﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ وزن ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ از روش آﻧﺘﺮوﭘﯽ ﺷﺎﻧﻮن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ وزندﻫﯽ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎرش ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ، ﺑﺎرش ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ روزاﻧﻪ، ﺷﻤﺎره ي ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ و ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻓﺸﺮدﮔﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﺛﺮﮔﺬاري را ﺑﺮ ﺳﯿﻞﺧﯿﺰي ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ي آﺑﺨﯿﺰ ﮐﺎﮐﺎرﺿﺎ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ؛ درﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ وزنﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي زﻣﺎن ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ، ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻓﺮم ﺑﺎﻓﺖ زﻫﮑﺸﯽ و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﻮاري اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺑﻨﺪي 23 زﯾﺮﺣﻮﺿﻪي ﺣﻮﺿﻪي آﺑﺨﯿﺰ ﮐﺎﮐﺎرﺿﺎ از روش ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﮔﯿﺮي TOPSIS اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ روش ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ زﯾﺮﺣﻮﺿﻪي O در رﺗﺒﻪي اول )0/91(، زﯾﺮﺣﻮﺿﻪي M )0/89( رﺗﺒﻪي دوم و زﯾﺮﺣﻮﺿﻪي Q )0/85( ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ زﯾﺮﺣﻮﺿﻪﻫﺎي دﯾﮕﺮ داراي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺳﯿﻞﺧﯿﺰي ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ را ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ دارﻧﺪ؛ درﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ زﯾﺮﺣﻮﺿﻪﻫﺎي B و W داراي ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺳﯿﻞﺧﯿﺰي ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Flood is one of the natural disasters that causes various property and life damages worldwide every year. The main purpose of the present study was to identify the sub-basins with the most potential for flooding and to prioritize them for flood control measures in Kakareza watershed in Lorestan province, and to determine the most effective factors in flood generation using Shannon and TOPSIS entropy techniques, and also watershed morphometric analysis in the framework of GIS. For this purpose, in this study, 15 effective parameters including precipitation, daily maximum precipitation, curve number, drainage density, slope, stream frequency, stream retention constant, drainage texture, relief number, circularity coefficient, compaction coefficient, relief ratio, form factor, elongation coefficient was used. Shannon entropy method was used to determine the weight of the parameters. The results of the parameters weighting showed that Annual average precipitation factor, maximum daily precipitation, curve number, and compression coefficient had the highest effect on flooding of Kakareza watershed. While the lowest weights were related to the Concentration time, form factor, drainage texture and roughness ratio parameters. Moreover, the TOPSIS decision making method was used to prioritize 23 sub-basins of Kakareza watershed. The results showed that sub-basin O in the first rank (0.91), sub-basin M (0.89) in the second and sub-basin Q (0.85) in the third rank had the highest flood potential. So, these sub-basins have the highest priority for conservation measures, while sub-basins B and W had the least flood potential.
