تبيين الگوي تاب‌آوري شهر در مقابله با بلاياي بيولوژيكي و بيماري‌هاي واگيردار (مورد پژوهي: كوويد 19 در شهر زنجان)

Explaining the pattern of resilience of the city in the against of biological disasters and Contagious diseases "Case study: Covid 19 in Zanjan city

اﻟﮕﻮي ﺗﺎب آوري ﺑﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﺎ و ﺷﯿﻮه ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﻣﺮدم و ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺤﺮان ﻫﺎ و ﺑﻼﯾﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ دارد. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﺎب آوري ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﻟﮕﻮﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻼﯾﺎي ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ، ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﻫﺎي واﮔﯿﺮدار و ﮐﻮوﯾﺪ 19 ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻮع، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اي و ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ، داده ﻫﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و دﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و درﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ، ﭘﺲ از اﻧﺠﺎم ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺗﻢ ﺑﺎ روش ﮔﺮﻧﺪد ﺗﺌﻮري، درﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ 40 ﺗﻢ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان ﺗﻢﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪه را در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ 12 ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﮐﻠﯽ و 40 زﯾﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻧﺎمﮔﺬاري ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي-ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﯽ، ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ، ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻧﻬﺎدي، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺮدم، ارزش آﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮاﻧﻪ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت رﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. رواﺑﻂ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، در ﻣﺪل ﭘﺎراداﯾﻤﯽ و ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و داده ﻫﺎي ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار 22 spss و ﻟﯿﺰرل 8,8 ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه، راﺑﻄﻪي ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ-اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺗﺎبآوري )0/88( داراي ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﺳﺖ و ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ راﺑﻄﻪي ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ-اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ )0/41( اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ ﻟﯿﺰرل ﻣﻘﺪار X2 ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 1105/34 اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ درﺟﻪي آزادي 731 ﻋﺪد 1/51 ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ ﻣﯽ آﯾﺪ و ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮ از 3 اﺳﺖ. ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﻮدن اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ، ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪهي ﺗﻔﺎوت اﻧﺪك ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﺪل ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪهي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻘﺪار RMSEA، 0/037 و ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮ از 0/08 اﺳﺖ و ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﺠﺬور ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﺪل ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس رواﺑﻂ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، راﺑﻄﻪي ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﺗﺎب آوري ﺷﻬﺮ را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ و ﻣﺎﺑﯿﻦ اﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﮕﻮي ﺗﺎب آوري ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﮐﻮوﯾﺪ 19 ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري وﺟﻮد دارد.

Resiliency models emphasize on the capabilities and methods by which people and societies deal with crises and calamities. With the aim of explaining city resiliency, this study investigates suitable approaches used to combat biological disasters including Covid-19 pandemic. In terms of goal, this study is of applied type and in terms of type of research it is a descriptive- analytical study. By making use of questionnaire and interview, the data were identified and categorized. Finally, upon completion of theme analysis process using ground theory approach, 40 main themes were obtained. The researchers designated the themes with distinguished names in the form of 12 general concepts and 40 sub-sets and these indices were selected for factorial analysis: physical-environmental, health infrastructure, managerial, cultural & social conditions, institutional conditions, economic conditions, public knowledge, social value creation, preventive performance, social health enhancement and facilitation of health services. The relationships among variable used in the paradigm and conceptual model of this study are presented and the data were analyzed using SPSS 22 & LISREL software. Based on our findings, the relationship between cultural-social conditions and resiliency (0.88) imposes the highest impact and the less effective relationship relates to that between managerial index and cultural-social conditions (0.41). Given the output of LISREL, the value of X2 computed as 1105.34 and the low value of this index indicates the small difference between conceptual model and observed data of this study. The value of RMSEA equals 0.037 and it is below 0.08 that indicates the model’s mean squared error is of desired degree. Moreover, based on the study relationships, there is a positive and significant relationship among the variables of city resilience study and there is a significant relationship among the aspects of resilience pattern for combating Covid-19 pandemic.