تحليل اثرگذاري عوامل ساختاري نوآوري بر فرآيند كارآفريني روستايي (نمونه‌ي موردمطالعه: شهرستان فاروج)

An analysis of the Effect of Structural Factors of Innovation on the Rural Entrepreneurship Process (Case Study of Farouj County

اﻣﺮوزه ﻧﻮآوري اﻫﻤﯿﺖ روزاﻓﺰوﻧﯽ در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﺟﻬﺎن دارد و ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺛﺮوت و درآﻣﺪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎً در ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﻧﻮآوري، ﻧﯿﺮوي ﻣﺤﺮﮐﻪ ي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ و ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﯾﺠﺎد اﺷﺘﻐﺎل ﻣﻮﻟﺪ، ﺑﻬﺮه وري ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ، رﻓﺎه اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﯿﺰان اﺛﺮﮔﺬاري ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻮآوري در ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎروج اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ و ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺛﺮﮔﺬار ﮔﺎﻣﯽ در ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺮاي رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪف ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، از روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ )ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ي آﻣﺎري، ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﺎن و اﻓﺮاد ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ و ﻣﻮﻓﻖ در روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻃﯽ 10 ﺳﺎل ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺎﻏﺪار و ﮐﺸﺎورز ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻮده اﻧﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 63 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﻤﺎم ﺷﻤﺎري اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. رواﯾﯽ اﺑﺰار ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از ﻧﻈﺮات ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ آن ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ )0/898=α( ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ در دو ﺳﻄﺢ آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار spss و ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ از آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي ﺧﯽ دو، ﻓﺮﯾﺪﻣﻦ، ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آﻣﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮدي ﺑﺎ آﻣﺎره ي 3,37 و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﮔﺬاري ﺑﺎ آﻣﺎره ي 3,29 ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﻧﻮآوري روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ دارد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﻓﺮﯾﺪﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ي ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ و اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﻧﻮآوري ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮدي )ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ رﺗﺒﻪ اي 5,86( ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ، ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ را دارد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮدي، آﻣﻮزش و ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ آن ﻫﺎ راﺑﻄﻪ ي ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري وﺟﻮد دارد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻓﺮدي ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ 0,334 و در ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ي ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ آﻣﻮزش و ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ 0,238 و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ 0,131 ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ را ﺑﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ دارﻧﺪ.

The process of entrepreneurship and creativity, which is the basis of change and transformation, plays a very fundamental and determining role in this field. So, in recent years, the only effective solution in the field of employment and rural economy of the country is the prosperity of en.trepreneurship from the path of innovation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting innovation and its impact on the entrepreneurship process in Farouj County, in order to take a step towards the development of rural areas. Method: The statistical population included all entrepreneurs and successful individuals in the villages of the city who were 63 farmers as gardeners and farmers. The validity of the research tool was confirmed by expertschr('39') opinions and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient (α = 0.898). Results: The descriptive statistics of the research indicate that the individual characteristics index with 3.37 and the cultural and legislative index with the 3.29 statistic have the highest mean as structural indicators of rural innovation. According to Pearson correlation results, there is a positive and significant relationship between individual indicators, education and research, economic and infrastructural with their entrepreneurial level. Based on the results of the path analysis, the individual index with a coefficient of influence of 0.334 and then the education and research index with a coefficient of 0.238 and finally economic index with a coefficient of 0.131 have the most impact on the formation of rural entrepreneurship