مجازات جرم نسل كشي در ديوان بين المللي كيفري و ديوانهاي رواندا و يوگوسلاوي

Penalties for genocide in the International Criminal Tribunal for the Rwanda and Yugoslavia

همواره جرم نسل كشي كه به عنوان يكي از مهمترين جرايم مورد توجه مجامع بين المللي از جمله ديوان بين المللي كيفري و رواندا و يوگوساوي بوده است. اين ديوان ها، مي باشد كه هر كدام مجازات جرم نسل كشي را مورد بررسي و تعيين نموده اند. در اين تحقيق مجازات جرم نسل كشي در ديوان بين المللي كيفري و ديوان هاي رواندا و يوگوساوي با همديگر مقايسه و مورد بررسي گرديده است.اين تحقيق به روش توصيفي - تحليلي انجام و اطلاعات با استفاده از اسناد و مدارك معتبر و دست اول گردآوري و با طبقه بندي و تحليل اطاعات نسبت به تجزيه و تحليل اقدام شده است. حاصل آنكه؛ مجازات جرم نسل كشي در نظامهاي بين الملل كيفري با توجه به مولفه ها و مباني حقوقي و زمي نه هاي تاريخي، داراي تفاوتهايي است. نسل كشي به صورت صريح در همه نظام ها جرم انگاري نشده، برخاف ماده 6 اساسنامه ICC كه دقيقا اجزا و عناصر اين جرم را در بستر نظام بين المللي كيفري تعريف كرده و مجازات جرم نسل كشي در اساسنامه ديوان بين المللي كيفري، تنها حبس هاي ابد و نامحدود و بحثي درخصوص اعدام مطرح نيست ،ولي در ديوان رواندا و يوگوساوي مجازات هاي مشابهي براي اين جرم در نظر گرفته شده است.

The crime of genocide, which has been regarded by international organizations as one of the most important international crimes, has historically threatened human societies and, in order to deal with this crime, The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide was adopted in 1948. This crime has been discussed and revised in various legal systems in various jurisdictions and has been investigated by the International Criminal Court and various tribunals, including Rwanda and Yugoslavia. Accordingly, the main objective of this study is to investigate the crime of genocidal crime in the International Criminal Tribunal of the Rwanda and Yugoslavia Courts of Justice. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and the required information has been gathered using valid and first-hand documents and categorized and analyzed by information analysis to confirm or reject the research hypotheses. As a result of the research, it can be said that the crime of genocidal crimes in different international criminal systems has different differences with regard to the components and legal basis and the historical context of this crime. The first difference is that genocide is not explicitly criminalized in all systems, contrary to Article 6 of the ICC Statute, which precisely defines the material and spiritual elements of this crime within the framework of the International Criminal System (in accordance with international conventions) Is . The punishment for genocide in the Statute of the International Criminal Court is only lifelong imprisonment and there is no discussion of execution in any way. But it should be said that in some of the 20th Century International Criminal Courts, the death penalty in their final sentences is that some of these sentences have been implemented and some have not been enforced. But in the Rwanda and Yugoslavia courts and the International Criminal Court, similar penalties have been imposed for this crime.