ورود مفهوم حقوق ملت به ايران و نقش نوگرايان و شرع گرايان عصر مشروطه در بومي سازي آن

The introduction of the concept of nation rights to Iran and the role of modernists and shariaists in the constitutional era in its localization

در رابطه با ورود مفهوم حقوق ملت در انقلاب مشروطيت و سير تكوين آن يكي از مسايل اصلي كه قابل ارزيابي است؛ كوشش هاي انديشمندان و فقها در حوزه نوگرايي و شرع گرايي براي تكوين اين اصل مدرن مي باشد. از اين رو، سوالي كه مطرح است، اينكه نخستين سنگ بناي اصول مرتبط با حقوق ملت در ايران چگونه از سوي نوگرايان و شرع گرايان نهاده شد؟ پژوهش حاضر با روش توصيفي- تحليلي و بهره گيري از منابع و اسناد كتابخانه اي بدنبال پاسخ بدين مساله بوده است. يافته هاي اين تحقيق حاكي از آن است، كه در بدو ورود مفهوم حقوق ملت به حقوق اساسي مشروطه نسبت ميان مفاهيم مدرن و شريعت اسلامي، جدال هايي ميان نوگرايان و شرع گرايان وجود داشته است. چنانچه در اين دوران در رابطه با بهره گيري و يا عدم بهره گيري مفهوم حقوق ملت، از مباني شريعت اسلامي مباحث قابل توجهي از سوي نوگرايان و شرع گرايان مطرح گرديد. هرچند اين مفهوم با آثار نوگرايان و به واسطه آشنايي آنها با مفاهيم غربي وارد نظام حقوق اساسي ايران شد؛ ولي بايد اذعان داشت، كه سير تكوين و نهادينه شدن آن تا حد چشمگيري نشات گرفته از جدال هايي است، كه ميان هر يك از آنها و همچنين شرع گرايان بر سر بومي سازي آن رخ داده است.

Regarding the introduction of the concept of the rights of the nation in the constitutional revolution and its evolution, one of the main issues that can be evaluated; The efforts of thinkers and jurists in the field of modernity and shariaism to develop this modern principle. Hence, the question that arises is how the first cornerstone of the principles related to the rights of the nation in Iran was laid by modernists and shariaists? The present study has sought to answer this question by descriptive-analytical method and using library resources and documents. The findings of this study indicate that at the beginning of the introduction of the concept of nation rights in the constitutional rights of modern concepts between Islamic concepts and Islamic law, there were disputes between modernists and religious people. During this period, in connection with the use or non-use of the concept of the rights of the nation, significant issues were raised by modernists and shariaists from the principles of Islamic law. However, this concept entered the Iranian constitutional system through the works of modernists and through their familiarity with Western concepts; However, it must be acknowledged that the course of its development and institutionalization has largely originated from the controversies that have taken place between each of them, as well as the canonists, over its localization.