پديد آورندگان :
ﺻﺤﺎﻓﯽ، ﺳﻌﯿﺪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زاﺑﻞ - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي - گروه زراﻋﺖ , ﻣﻮﺳﻮي ﻧﯿﮏ، ﻣﺤﺴﻦ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زاﺑﻞ - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي - گروه زراﻋﺖ , ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎﯾﯽ، ﻋﻠﯽ سازمان تحقيقات، آموزش و ترويج كشاورزي - مركز تحقيقات و آموزش كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي استان يزد - بخش تحقيقات اصلاح و تهيه نهال و بذر , ﺻﺒﺎغ، ﮐﺎﻇﻢ ، دانشكده علوم دانشگاه يزد - گروه زيست شناسي , ﻗﻨﺒﺮي، اﺣﻤﺪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زاﺑﻞ - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي - گروه زراﻋﺖ
كليدواژه :
تنش شوري , جو شش رديفه , نسبت پتاسيم به سديم , تحمل به تنش
چكيده فارسي :
ﮑﯿﺪه
ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺑﯽ ﺷﮏ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺑﺰرگ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎن در ﻋﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﺗـﻨﺶ ﺷـﻮري از ﻋﻤـﺪه ﺗـﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﺑﺮاي رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻫﺪف ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در ﻫﻤﯿﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف اﻧﺘﺨﺎب رﻗﻢ ﻣﺘﺤﻤـﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﻨﺶ ﺷـﻮري ﺟـﻮ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎﺋﯽ ﺳﺎزوﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻤﻞ در ارﻗﺎم ﺟﺪﯾﺪ و ﻗﺪﯾﻤﯽ ﺟﻮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ.
ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در ﻃﯽ دو ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 97- 1395 در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﯿﻠﺸﺒﺎر اردﮐﺎن واﻗﻊ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﯾﺰد اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷـﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫـﺎي آزﻣـﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 9 رﻗﻢ ﺟﻮ ﺷﺶ ردﯾﻔﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ارﻗﺎم ﻧﯿﮏ، ﻣﻬﺮ، ﺧﺎﺗﻢ، رﯾﺤﺎن، ﮔﻮﻫﺮان، ﻧﺼﺮت، ﻣﻮروﮐﻮ، اﻓﻀﻞ و ﻓﺠـﺮ 30 ﺑـﻮد ﮐـﻪ در ﺳـﻪ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺷﻮري آب آﺑﯿﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 4، 10 و 14 دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﮐﺮت ﻫـﺎ ي ﺧـﺮد ﺷـﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ ﻃـﺮح ﺑﻠـﻮك ﻫـﺎي ﮐﺎﻣـﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺷﻮري آب ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﯿﻤﺎر اﺻﻠﯽ و ارﻗﺎم ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﯿﻤـﺎر ﻓﺮﻋـﯽ ﺑـ ﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﺗﺼـﺎدﻓﯽ ﺟـﺎي ﮔـﺬاري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻮد. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ رﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ از ﻫﺮ ﮐﺮت آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ اﻧﺘﺨـﺎب ﮔﺮ دﯾـﺪ و ﺳﺪﯾﻢ و ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ.
ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﻮري و رﻗﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ، ﺗﻌـﺪاد ﺳـﻨﺒﻠﻪ در ﻣﺘـﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ و وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري داﺷﺖ. ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و در ﺑﯿﻦ ارﻗﺎم ﻣـﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ارﻗـﺎم ﻧﯿﮏ، ﻣﻬﺮ، ﺧﺎﺗﻢ و رﯾﺤﺎن داراي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺷﻮري ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮد داﻧـﻪ در ﺷـﻮري 4 دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ 5770/64 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ ﺷـﻮري ﺑـﻪ 10 و 14 دﺳـﯽ زﯾﻤـﻨﺲ ﺑـﺮ ﻣﺘـﺮ ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮد داﻧـﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ 0 كيلوگرم در هكتار رسيد. در بين ارقام مورد بررسي / 4729 و 87 / 27 درصدي داشت و به 29 / 18 و 55 / به ترتيب كاهش 18/04 و 27/55 درصدي داشت و به 4729/29 و 4180/87 كيلوگرم در هكتار رسيد. در بين ارقام مورد بررسي ﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ در رﻗﻢ ﻧﯿﮏ ﺑﺎ 5317/7 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ و ارﻗﺎم ﻣﻬﺮ، ﺧﺎﺗﻢ و رﯾﺤﺎن ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ رﻗﻢ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨـﯽ داري ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﮐﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﺷﻮري 10 دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ در ارﻗﺎم ﮔﻮﻫﺮان و ﻣﻬﺮ و در ﺷﻮري 14 دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤـﻨﺲ ﺑـﺮ ﻣﺘـﺮ در ارﻗﺎم ﻣﻬﺮ و اﻓﻀﻞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ STI در ﺷﻮري 10 ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻮري 4 دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤـﻨﺲ ﺑـﺮ ﻣﺘـﺮ در رﻗـﻢ ﻧﯿـﮏ و ﻣﻬـﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 0/922 و 0/921 ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ در ﺷﻮري 14 ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ 4 دﺳـﯽ زﯾﻤـﻨﺲ ﺑـﺮ ﻣﺘـﺮ ﻧﯿـﺰ در ارﻗﺎم ﻧﯿﮏ و ﺧﺎﺗﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ 0/882 و 0/858 ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ.
ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺳﺪﯾﻢ و ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ ﺟﺬب ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﯿﺎه و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ K/Na ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣـﯽ رﺳـﺪ ﮐـﻪ ارﻗـﺎم ﻣﺘﺤﻤـﻞ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﺎزوﮐﺎر ﺟﺬب ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ و دﻓﻊ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ و ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ اﺳﻤﺰي ﺳﻠﻮل ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ در ﺑﯿﻦ ارﻗﺎم ﻣـﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ارﻗﺎم ﻧﯿﮏ، ﻣﻬﺮ و ﺧﺎﺗﻢ داراي ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ STI, MP, Tol ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ و ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان از اﯾﻦ ارﻗﺎم ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺸـﺖ در اراﺿـﯽ ﺷﻮر ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮاي دورگ ﮔﯿﺮي و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻼح ﻧﮋاد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﺮد
چكيده لاتين :
Background and objectives: Undoubtedly, one of the biggest human challenges in the present age is food security, and salinity stress is one of the main obstacles to achieve this goal. In this regard, this experiment was conducted with the aim of selecting tolerance barley cultivar(s) to salinity stress and identifying tolerance mechanisms in new and old barley cultivars.
Materials and Methods: This experiment was carried out during the two years of 2016-17 in the Milshbar Ardakan region located in Yazd province. Experimental treatments included 9 six-rowed barley cultivars including Nik, Mehr, Khatam, Reyhan, Goharan, Nosrat, Morocco, Afzal and Fajr 30 cultivars in three levels of irrigation water salinity including 4, 10 and 14 dS/m were evaluated as a split plot experimental design so that water salinity as the main plots and cultivars as a sub-plots were randomly placed. The studied traits included yield and yield components. At the maturity stage, several plants were selected from each experimental plot and sodium and potassium were measured.
Results: The results showed that salinity and cultivar treatment had a significant effect on the yield and yield components including number of seeds per spike, number of spikes per square meter and 1000-kernel weight. Salinity stress reduced grain yield components and among the studied cultivars, Nik, Mehr, Khatam and Reyhan cultivars had higher yield and yield components. Among the salinity treatments, the highest grain yield was obtained at 4 dS/m with 5770.64 kg/ha. With increasing salinity to 10 and 14 dS/m, grain yield decreased by 18.04 and 27.55%, respectively, and reached to 4729.29 and 41.8080 kg/ha. Among the studied cultivars, the highest grain yield was obtained in Nik with 5317.7 kg/ha and Mehr, Khatam and Reyhan were not significantly different with this cultivar. In salinity of 10 dS/m, the lowest grain yield variation were obtained in Goharan and Mehr cultivars and in salinity of 14 dS/m it was in Mehr and Afzal cultivars. The highest STI index in salinity of 10 compared to 4 dS/m was calculated in Nik and Mehr cultivars with 0.922 and 0.921, respectively. The highest value of this index in salinity 14 compared to 4 dS/m was also obtained in Nik and Khatam cultivars with 0.882 and 0.858, respectively.
Conclusion: Considering the amount of sodium and potassium absorbed by the plant and the K/Na ratio, it seems that tolerant cultivars cope with salinity stress by the mechanism of potassium uptake and excretion of sodium and regulation of cell osmotic potential. In general, among the studied cultivars, Nik, Mehr and Khatam cultivars had higher stress tolerance indices of STI, MP, Tol and these cultivars can be used for cultivation in saline lands of the region as well as for hybridization and breeding programs.
