اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ درﻣﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش و ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ رواﻧﯽ - اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ، ﺷـﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ و ﺳـﻼﻣﺖ رواﻧﯽ زﻧﺎن ﺑﯽﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ

The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Based Therapy on Psychosocial Security, Happiness and Mental Health of Unattended Women

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: زﻧﺎن ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﯿﻤﯽ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ در ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮي در ﭘﯿﺸﺒﺮد اﻫﺪاف ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﻨـﺪ زﻧـﺎن ﺑﯿﺶ از ﻣﺮدان در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻓﻘﺮ و ﺗﺒﻌﯿﺾ ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ. ﺣﺎل زﻧﺎن ﺑﯽﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮار ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﻪ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺶ از ﺣﺪ، ﻋﺪم آﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑـﺎ ﺑﺮﺧـﯽ از ﻣﻬـﺎرت ﻫـﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻋﺪم دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ از دﺳﺖ دادن ﺷﺒﮑﻪ رواﺑﻂ و ﻣﺴـﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ اﻓـﺮاد ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺗﮑﻔـﻞ در ﻣﻌـﺮض اﻧـﻮاع آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و رواﻧﯽ ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ ﻟﺬا ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ درﻣﺎن ﭘﺬﯾﺮش و ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ رواﻧﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ و ﺳﻼﻣﺖ رواﻧﯽ زﻧﺎن ﺑﯽﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: ﻃﺮح ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن- ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري زﻧﺎن ﺑﯽﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﮐﻤﯿﺘـﻪ اﻣﺪاد اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﯿﻨﯽ ره ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﻠﯿﺒﺮ در ﺳﺎل 1399 ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد 40 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه و ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 40 ﻧﻔﺮ از زﻧﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در 2 ﮔﺮوه، آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ )20 ﻧﻔﺮ( و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل)20 ﻧﻔﺮ( ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻊآوري دادهﻫـﺎ از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ رواﻧﯽ- اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﺰﻟﻮ )1992(، ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ آرﺣﯿﻞ و ﻟﻮ )1990( و ﺳﻼﻣﺖ رواﻧﯽ ﮔﻠﺪﺑﺮگ )2008( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺎ روش آﻣﺎري ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻮوارﯾﺎﻧﺲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد؛ درﻣﺎن ﭘﺬﯾﺮش و ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ رواﻧﯽ- اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ و ﺳﻼﻣﺖ رواﻧﯽ زﻧـﺎن ﺑـﯽ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳـﺖ ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ دارد و ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ رواﻧﯽ- اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺷﺎدﮐﺎﻣﯽ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ رواﻧﯽ در زﻧﺎن ﺑﯽﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد )ﻧﻤﺮه ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﺳﻼﻣﺖ رواﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ(. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ؛ ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪﻫﺎي روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ راﯾﮕﺎن از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ درﻣـﺎن ﭘـﺬﯾﺮش و ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ را ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮادهﻫﺎ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آورﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ زﻧﺎن ﺑﯽﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺖ در ادراك وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺧﻮد، ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.

Aim and Background: Women, as half of human resources in societies, are an effective factor in advancing the goals of society and the family. Studies show that women are more vulnerable to poverty and discrimination than men. Now, Unattended women are exposed to all kinds of social harms due to excessive responsibility, lack of familiarity with some social skills, lack of access to resources and consequently poor quality of life, as well as loss of network of relationships and responsibilities of dependents. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychosocial security, happiness and mental health of unattended women. Methods and Materials: The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population of unattended women is covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Kalibar city in 1399. From this population, 40 people were selected by purposive sampling and studied. So that 40 women were randomly divided into 2 groups: experimental (20) and control (20). The Maslow (1992) Psychosocial Security Questionnaire, Arhil & Lou (1990) Happiness and Goldberg (2008) Mental Health Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. Findings: The results showed; Acceptance and commitment therapy has an effect on psychosocial security, happiness and mental health of Unattended women and increases psychosocial security and happiness and decreases mental health in Unattended women (lower score indicates higher mental health). Conclusions: Therefore, according to the research findings, it can be said; Institutions provide the conditions for free psychological interventions, including acceptance and commitment treatment, along with appropriate economic, educational, and cultural support for these families so that Unattended women can have a positive assessment of their social status and have favorable conditions.