اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزي واﻟﺪﯾﻨﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي داراي ﻓﺮزﻧﺪﺧﻮاﻧﺪه ﺑﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي واﻟﺪﮔﺮي و راﺑﻄﻪ واﻟﺪ-ﻓﺮزﻧﺪي

The Effectiveness of Parental Empowerment Program for Adopted Families on Parenting Stresses and Parent-Child Relationship students

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن داده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﺪﺳﺎزي واﻟﺪﯾﻦ در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮزﻧﺪان و ﻣﺸﮑﻼت آن ﻫﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ اﺛﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزي واﻟﺪﯾﻨﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي داراي ﻓﺮزﻧﺪﺧﻮاﻧﺪه ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي واﻟﺪﮔﺮي و راﺑﻄﻪ واﻟﺪ- ﻓﺮزﻧﺪي ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ واﻟﺪﯾﻦ داراي ﻓﺮزﻧﺪﺧﻮاﻧﺪه ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان در ﺳﺎل 1399 ﺑﻮد. ﺗﻌﺪاد 30 واﻟﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي در دﺳﺘﺮس ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﺮوه ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ و ﮔﻮاه ﮔﻤﺎرده ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﯿﺮي از ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮح آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﭘﯿﺶ آزﻣﻮن-ﭘﺲ آزﻣـﻮن ﺑـﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل، واﻟﺪﯾﻦ اﺑﺘﺪا ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي واﻟﺪﮔﺮي و راﺑﻄﻪ واﻟﺪ- ﻓﺮزﻧﺪي را ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﮐﺎرﺑﻨﺪي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزي واﻟﺪﯾﻨﯽ در 8 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺑﺮ روي ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ اﺟﺮا و ﺑﻌﺪ از اﺗﻤﺎم ﺟﻠﺴﺎت ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﺮوه اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻮارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﭼﻨـﺪﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮي )MANCOVA( ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SPSSV19 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزي واﻟﺪﯾﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي واﻟﺪﮔﺮي )0/004≤p( و راﺑﻄﻪ واﻟﺪ- ﻓﺮزﻧﺪي )0/008≤p( اﺛـﺮﺑﺨﺶ اﺳـﺖ و ﺑـﯿﻦ دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ و ﮔﻮاه ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري اﯾﺠﺎد ﮐﺮد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزي واﻟﺪﯾﻨﯽ داراي ﻓﺮزﻧﺪﺧﻮاﻧﺪه ﺑﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي واﻟﺪﮔﺮي و راﺑﻄـﻪ واﻟـﺪ ﻓﺮزﻧﺪي اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻮده و ﻟﺬا آﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن ﺣﻮزه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎوره، ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده، روان ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Aim and Background: Research has shown that parental empowerment in relation to children and their problems can be effective; therefore, the purpose of this study was the effectiveness of parental empowerment program for families with adopted children on the variables of parenting stress and parent-child relationship. Methods and Materials: The statistical population included parents with adopted children in Tehran in 2020. Thirty parents were selected as the sample group by available sampling method and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Using a pre-test-post-test pilot design with the control group, parents first completed the parenting stress and parent-child relationship questionnaires and then performed the parental empowerment test application in 8 sessions on the experimental group and after the post-test sessions for both groups were presented. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data using SPSSV19 software. Findings: The results showed that the parental empowerment program was effective on parenting stresses (p <0.004) and parent-child relationship (p= 0.008) and made a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it can be said that the parent empowerment training program with adopted children is effective on parenting tensions and parent-child relationship and therefore the knowledge of counselors, family, psychology and other experts in this study can be helpful.