طراحي الگوي انگيزش كاركنان مبتني بر سيره حضرت علي عليه‌السلام

Designing a Motivation Model of Employees on the Basis of Imam Ali’s (as) Method

ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار در ﺑﻘﺎ، ﭘﻮﯾﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ و اﻫﺪاف ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن، ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻧﮕﯿﺰه اﺳﺖ. ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻗﺪام در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد اﻧﮕﯿﺰش، ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ درﺳﺘﯽ در ﻣﻮرد اﺑﻌﺎد وﺟﻮدي اﻧﺴﺎن رﺳﯿﺪ و ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻧﮕﺎه اﺳﻼم و ﻏﺮب ﺑﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد وﺟﻮدي اﻧﺴﺎن، ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ و ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎي اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ اﻟﮕﻮ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻣﯽ و اﺳﻼﻣﯽ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ اﻧﮕﯿﺰش ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎن ﺧﻮد ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ اﻧﮕﯿﺰش ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن و ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪي اﻧﮕﯿﺰش ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﺣﻀﺮت ﻋﻠﯽ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺟﺰء ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ و از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف، ﺑﻨﯿﺎدي و ﻧﯿﺰ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ، ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﭘﺮدازي داده ﺑﻨﯿﺎد اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﯾﻦ روش ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ اﻟﮕﻮ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ و ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪي اﻧﮕﯿﺰش ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﺳﻨﺎد، ﮐﺘﺎﺑﻬﺎ و ﻣﻘﺎﻻت درﺑﺎرة ﺳﯿﺮه اﻣﺎم ﻋﻠﯽ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم اﻗﺪام ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻋﺘﺒﺎرﺳﻨﺠﯽ اﻟﮕﻮ از ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﺎﭘﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ دو اﻟﮕﻮ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪه اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ اﻧﮕﯿﺰش ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺳﯿﺮه اﻣﺎم ﻋﻠﯽ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﺴﻼم ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 23 ﺷﺎﺧﺺ، ﻧﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ و ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ )ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻨﻮي، ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ( و ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪي اﻧﮕﯿﺰش ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺳﯿﺮه اﯾﺸﺎن ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﺑﻌﺎد ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﻠّﯽ، ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﮔﺮ، ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ اي، ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺤﻮري، راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎ و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪ. اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻣﯽ رود ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد اﻧﮕﯿﺰش در ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن، راﻫﮕﺸﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮان در ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Motivated human resource is an influential factor in the survival, dynamism and fulfillment of the policies and goals of the organization. It is essential to understand the dimensions of human beings before taking any action in the field of motivation. Due to the differences between Islam and the West regarding the dimensions of human existence, Islamic countries and organizations need to design indigenous and Islamic models to motivate Muslim human resources. This research is intended to design a contextual model of employees’ motivation, and to design a process model of employee motivation from the viewpoint of Imam Ali (as). This applied research is an exploratory and basic one which follows grounded theory for collecting the data for designing contextual and process models of employees’ motivation based on documents, books and articles about Imam Ali’s way of life. Kappa’s index was employed to validate the model, which resulted in the confirmation of both models. The results showed that the contextual model of human resource motivation based on the life history of Imam Ali (as) contains 23 indicators, nine components and three dimensions (spiritual, psychological and natural needs). The process model of human resource motivation includes dimensions of causal conditions, intervening conditions, contextual conditions, category orientation, strategies and outcomes. It is expected that the findings of this study can pave the way for managers in motivating employees in the Islamic societies.