ارزيابي عامل كنترل‌كننده ترقيق‌شدگي در بهينه‌سازي زمان‌بندي توليد معادن

Assessment of the dilution controlling factor in the production scheduling of mines

در ﻣﻌﺪﻧﮑﺎري ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﯿﺎر ﻣﺎده ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ و ﭘﯿﺸﺮوي ﺑﻪ اﻋﻤﺎق، ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﻬﺮهوري اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﻣﻌﺪﻧﮑﺎري ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﻌﺎدن اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎزي ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ زﻣﺎنﺑﻨﺪي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ، ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت و ﻃﺮاﺣﯽﻫﺎي دﻗﯿﻖﺗﺮي اﺳﺖ. از ﻣﯿﺎن روشﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ روش ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐﺑﻠﻮﮐﯽ ﺟﺰ روشﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرگﻣﻘﯿﺎس و ﭘﺮﮐﺎرﺑﺮد در ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﺖ. در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اﯾﻦﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﺎدن ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﯽﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ اﺳﺖ. اﮔﺮ ﻧﺮخ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺮدﺷﺪه در ﺑﯿﻦ دﻫﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎيﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺑﻪدرﺳﺘﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻧﮕﯿﺮد ﺧﺴﺎرات ﺟﺒﺮانﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﺳﺘﺨﺮاﺟﯽ وارد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﺪل رﯾﺎﺿﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰيﺧﻄﯽﻋﺪدﺻﺤﯿﺢﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﺟﻬﺖ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﺮﻗﯿﻖﺷﺪﮔﯽ در ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ زﻣﺎنﺑﻨﺪي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﻌﺎدن ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐﺑﻠﻮﮐﯽ اراﺋﻪ و ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ از ﻋﯿﺎر و ﺗﻨﺎژ ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪﺷﺪه، از اﺧﺘﻼط ﺑﺎﻃﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮادﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐﺷﺪه ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﺮده و ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎزي واﻗﻌﯽﺗﺮ از ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﺎدن در اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﮔﺮوه ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﺟﺮاي ﻣﺪل ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار CPLEX ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﺮاي ﯾﮏ ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ 199 دﻫﺎﻧﻪﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﮐﻪ در ﻃﯽ 15 ﺳﺎل ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻌﺪن ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰيﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ در اﺛﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﺮﻗﯿﻖﺷﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﻘﺪار NPV 7/47 درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داﺷﺘﻪ و ﻫﻤﯿﻨﻄﻮر از اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج 3/5 Mt ﺑﺎﻃﻠﻪ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﺮﻗﯿﻖﺷﺪﮔﯽ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﯿﺎر ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪي ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦآﻻت و ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات درﮔﯿﺮ در ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

With reduction in the mineral grade due to thedevelopment of the mining area to the depths and to ensure the economic efficiencyof mining operations, it is necessary to increase the annual productioncapacity, therefore scheduling problems optimization in mines requires moreprecise designing. Among the undergroundmining methods, the block caving method is one of the largest and most widespreadmethods is used in the world. In the operation of such mines, drawing controlis the most critical element. In the current study, a mathematical model basedon MILP has been modeled the dilution controlling constraint (BDC) in theproduction scheduling problems. The BDC by reduction of the waste and ore mixingin the draw column presents a real optimization plan. TheMILP formulation for a block-cave production schedule was developed,implemented, and tested in the CPLEX/IBM environment. The resultsof the implementation of the models using 325 drawpoints over 15 periods show that the NPVincreased by 7.47% about 12.2M$. Moreover was prevented of extraction of 3.5Mtwaste. BDC while increasing the average annual production-grade, reduce the stripping costs and increase the life of equipment involved inmining operations