تأثير استفاده از سطوح مختلف پوشش مغز پسته بر خوراك مصرفي، ابقاي نيتروژن، سنتز پروتئين ميكروبي و فراسنجه‌هاي شكمبه در گوسفند كرماني

Effect of using different levels of pistachio seed coat on feed intake, nitrogen retention, microbial protein synthesis and ruminal parameters in Kermani sheep

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻐﺰ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮراك ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ، ﻓﺮاﺳﻨﺠﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﮑﻤﺒﻪ، ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ و اﺑﻘﺎي ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪان ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﯽ، از ﭼﻬﺎر رأس ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪ ﻧﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ وزن 54±2 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻻﺗﯿﻦ 4×4 در ﭼﻬﺎر دوره 21 روزه اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻐﺰ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ، از آن در ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺟﯿﺮهﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده و ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺳﺒﻮسﮔﻨﺪم ﺷﺪ. ﺟﯿﺮه ﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 1- ﺟﯿﺮه ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )ﺟﯿﺮه ﺑﺪون ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻐﺰ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ(، 2- ﺟﯿﺮه داراي ﭘﻨﺞ درﺻﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻐﺰ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ، 3- ﺟﯿﺮه داراي 10 درﺻﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻐﺰ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ و 4- ﺟﯿﺮه داراي 15 درﺻﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻐﺰ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ و ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ، ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن دﻓﻌﯽ و اﺑﻘﺎي ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﺟﯿﺮه ﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰودن ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻐﺰ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﯿﺮه، ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن آﻣﻮﻧﯿﺎﮐﯽ ﺷﮑﻤﺒﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ )P<0/05(، ﻟﯿﮑﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮي ﺑﺮ pH ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺷﮑﻤﺒﻪ در زﻣﺎنﻫﺎي ﺻﻔﺮ، دو، ﭼﻬﺎر، ﺷﺶ و ﻫﺸﺖ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺼﺮف ﺧﻮراك ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﮐﻞ ﭘﺮوﺗﻮزوآي ﺷﮑﻤﺒﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺟﯿﺮه ﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺖ، درﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻮﻻﯾﺘﯿﮏ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﺧﻄﯽ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ )P<0/05( ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري از ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﻞ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎت ﭘﻮرﯾﻨﯽ، آﻻﻧﺘﻮﺋﯿﻦ، ﮐﺮاﺗﯿﻨﯿﻦ، اﺳﯿﺪ اورﯾﮏ، ﻫﯿﭙﻮﮔﺰاﻧﺘﯿﻦ و ﮔﺰاﻧﺘﯿﻦ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان از ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻐﺰ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ 15 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ در ﺟﯿﺮه ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪان اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد.

In order to investigate the effect of using different levels of pistachio seed coat (PSC) on feed intake, ruminal parameters, microbial protein synthesis and nitrogen retention in Kermani sheep, four male sheep with a mean weight of 54 ± 2 kg were used. This experiment was conducted in 4×4 Latin square design in four periods of 21 days. After determining the chemical composition of PSC, it was used in the preparation of experimental diets and replaced with wheat bran. The experimental diets were: 1) control diet (without PSC), 2) diet containing 5 % PSC, 3) diet containing 10 % PSC and 4) diet containing 15 % PSC. The results showed that feed and nitrogen intake, excreted nitrogen and nitrogen retention were not affected by feeding the experimental diets. Adding PSC to the diet, ruminal ammonia nitrogen was reduced (P<0.05), however, it did not affect the pH of ruminal fluid at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after feeding (P<0.05). The total protozoa population of the rumen was not affected by experimental diets, while the population of cellulolytic species increased linearly (P<0.05). Among sheep, no significant difference was observed in terms of total purine derivatives, allantoin, creatinine, uric acid, hypoxanthine and xanthine and, of course, microbial protein synthesis. According to the results, and no difference in the factors between the control group and other experimental groups, it can be said that PSC can be used up to 15% of dry matter in sheep diet and can be replaced with wheat bran or other diet ingredients.