بازخواني رَوايي برابري ديه زن و مرد در دوران معاصر: مطالعة تاريخي-جامعه‌شناختي

Review the Validity of the Equality of Diyya for Women and Men in the Contemporary Period the Historical-Sociological Study

حكم فقهي نابرابري ديه مرد و زن در جنايات، كه به نظام كيفري ايران نيز راه يافته است، در زمره مسائل پُرچالش حقوق كيفري است. موافقان به نصوص فقهي تأكيد مي‌ورزند و مخالفان به دلايل برون‌فقهي و درون‌فقهي اين تفاوت را نمي‌پذيرند. پژوهش پيش رو با روش تحليل انتقادي در پي اثبات ضرورت همسان‌سازي قانوني ديۀ زن و مرد در اقسام جنايت است. يافته‌ها نشان مي‌دهد كه نابرابري موجود، امري تعبدي و تغييرناپذير نيست؛ بلكه اين نابرابري متأثر از شرايط جامعۀ عرب و متناسب با مناسبات حاكم بر آن بوده است. با اين حال، توجه به ادلۀ «زمينۀ عرفي نهاد ديه»، «ترفيع جايگاه اجتماعي و كاركردي زن»، «تفاوت‌هاي فكري و عملي انسان معاصر با انسان عصر وحي» و در آخر «منطقةالفراغ»، سياست‌سازان كيفري جوامع اسلامي را به سوي اتخاذ رهيافتي نوين در اين باره يعني همپاسازي ديۀ زن و مرد رهنمون مي‌سازد.

The Islamic jurisprudential decree of the inequality of diyya (Arabic: دية; blood money that has to be paid for homicide and bodily injury when there is no retaliation) for women and men in crimes which has been entered in the penal system of Iran is of the arguable problems in the penal code. The proponents emphasize on the Islamic jurisprudential texts and the opponents do not accept this discrimination for extra-jurisprudential and intra-jurisprudential arguments. The following note with the method of the critical analysis is going to prove the necessity of the legal equality of diyya for women and men in the different types of crimes. The findings indicate that the current inequality is not a matter of the full and absolute obedience (followed God in total obedience) and unchangeable but this inequality has been under influence of the circumstances of the Arab community and appropriate to the relations governing it. However considering the evidences “the customary background of diyya institution”, “the improvement of women’s social and functional position”, “the mental and functional differences between the present time people and people of the revelation time” and lastly “mintaqat al-faraq” (the discretionary zone) guides the decision-makers (policymakers) in the criminal area in the Islamic states to apply a new approach to this case meaning the equality of diyya between men and women.