پيشگيري وضعي از بزه ديدگي كودكان در خانواده هاي والد-معتاد

Conditional Prevention of Child Abuse in Parent- addicted Families Mahboobeh Khodadadehtehrani

اعتيادوالدين،به عنوان يك عامل كاهش كاركردهاي مثبت خانواده نسبت به كودكان،زمينه هاي بزهديدگي كودكان درمحيط معيوب ونامطلوب خانواده رافراهم و ياحتي تشديدمي كند.بنابراين،اعتيادوالدين رابر اساس موازين جرم شناختي مي توان يك «موقعيت خطرآفرين» براي كودكان حاضردرمحيط خانواده محسوب كرد.اين موقعيت خطرزامي تواند احتمال بزهديدگي كودكان راچه ازسوي والدين به عنوان عوامل درون خانوادگي و چه ازسوي ديگرافرادبه عنوان عوامل برون خانوادگي افزايش دهد.ازجمله موضوعات مهمي كه درارتباط بابحث اعتيادوالدين واثرآن بربزهديدگي كودكان قابل طرح وبررسي است،آن است كه پيشگيري وضعي ازبزهديدگي كودكان درچنين خانواده هايي،بايدبه عنوان يك وظيفه مبتني براحساس مسئوليت اجتماعي نسبت به اين قبيل كودكان،براي دولت وديگرنهادهاي مربوطه و حتي براي خودوالدين مطرح باشد.اين پيشگيري مي تواندازطريق كاربست راهكارهاي ناظربرخودوالدين ياكساني كه به نحوي موجبات بزهديدگي كودكان به واسطه اعتيادوالدينشان رافراهم كرده اندوراهكارهاي ناظربرموقعيت(منظور، محيط خانواده)عملياتي گردد.به نظرمي رسدازجمله اصلي ترين راهكارهايي كه به منظور پيشگيري ازبزهديدگي كودكان مي توان ارائه كرد،ارتقاي مهارت هاو توانمندي هاي والدين درفرزندپروري است كه نسبت به والدين معتاد،مبتني برترك اوليه اعتيادوتلاش براي درپيش گرفتن يك زندگي سالم وهدفمندومبتني براحساس مسئوليت نسبت به فرزندان است.دراين تحقيق، ضمن شناسايي مفهوم پيشگيري وضعي يا موقعيت مدار،سه دسته ازعوامل اقتصادي، اجتماعي، محيطي و فرهنگي را به عنوان عوامل بزهديدگي كودكان در خانواده هاي والد- معتاد بررسي كرده ايم و مهم ترين راهبردهاي ناظر بر پيشگيري وضعي از بزهديدگي اين كودكان را تحليل نموده ايم.

Parental addiction, as a factor in reducing the positive functions of the family towards children, provides the grounds for children to be victimized in a defective and unfavorable family environment. Therefore, according to criminological criteria, parental addiction can be considered as a dangerous situation for children in the family environment. Such a risky environment may lead to the victimization of children wether by their parents, as intra- family factors, and others, as the external ones. One of the important issues that can be discussed in relation to the discussion of parental addiction and its effect on child victimization is that the prevention of child victimization in such families should be a task based on social responsibility towards Such children undertaken by the state and other concerning authorities and even by parents themselves. The result of this study is that this prevention can be implemented through the application of strategies that monitor the parents themselves or those who have somehow caused the victimization of children due to their parents' addiction, and strategies that monitor the situation (meaning, family environment). . The most important finding of the present study is that one of the main strategies that can be offered to prevent child victimization is to improve the skills and abilities of parents in parenting, which is based on the initial withdrawal of addiction and effort from addicted parents. To lead a healthy and purposeful life based on a sense of responsibility towards children. In this study, while identifying the concept of situational prevention or situation- oriented, we have examined three categories of economic, social, environmental and cultural factors as factors of child victimization in parent- addicted families and the most important strategies for situational prevention of crime. We have analyzed the vision of these children.