بررسي بهبود عملكرد بيولوژيكي و شاخص هاي فيزيولوژيكي زنيان ). Carum copticum L ( تحت تاثير كاربرد پلي آمينها در شرايط تنش شوري

Study of improvements in the biological yield and the physiologic indicators of Ajwan (Carum copticum L.) As affected by application of polyamines in the Salt stress Conditions

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ زﻧﯿﺎن ﺗ ﺤــﺖ ـﺗـﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﮐــﺎرﺑﺮد ﭘ ـﻠـﯽآ ــﻣﯿﻦ ﻫــﺎ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ 2 ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر و 3 ﺗﮑﺮار ا ﺟــﺮا ﺷــﺪ. ـﻓـﺎﮐﺘﻮر اول ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 4 ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري آب ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )ﺑﺪون ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري( و ﺷﻮري 2000 ،1000 و 3000 ﻣﯿ ـﻠـﯽ ﮔــﺮم در ﻟﯿ ــﺘﺮ و ـﻓـﺎﮐﺘﻮر دوم ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 5 ﺳﻄﺢ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﻠﯽآﻣﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﺮ، 0/5 و 1/5 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﻮﻻر ﭘﻮﺗﺮﺳﯿﻦ و 0/5 و 1/5 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ـﻣـﻮﻻر ا ﺳــﭙﺮﻣﯿﺪﯾﻦ ـﺑـﻮد. ﻧ ـﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺷﻮري ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ، ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﺟــﺎﻧﺒﯽ و ﺗ ـﻌـﺪاد ﭼ ــﺘﺮ در ﺑﻮ ــﺗﻪ ﺷــﺪ. ﮐﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ a و b و ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﺳﺪﯾﻢ و ﮐﻠﺮ در ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري 3000 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔــﺮم در ﻟﯿ ــﺘﺮ ﻣ ﺸــﺎﻫﺪه ﺷــﺪ. در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري 2000 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ، ﺗﯿﻤﺎر اﺳﭙﺮﻣﯿﺪﯾﻦ 1/5 و 0/5 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﻮﻻر ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ ــﺑﻪ ﻣ ــﯿﺰان 44/56 و 40/16 درﺻﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯿﺪاز در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر اﺳﭙﺮﻣﯿﺪﯾﻦ 1/5 و 0/5 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﻮﻻر ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 3/60 و 3/20 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﻮل ﺑﺮ دﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑ ـﻨـﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﮐﯿ ــﺒﺎت ﭘ ـﻠـﯽآ ــﻣﯿﻦ از ﻃﺮ ــﯾﻖ ﺑﻬ ـﺒـﻮد وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﮐﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي اﺳﻤﺰي و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺰﯾﻢﻫﺎي آﻧﺘﯽ اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮات ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري، ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﭘﻠﯽآﻣﯿﻦ اﺳﭙﺮﻣﯿﺪﯾﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺗﺮﺳﯿﻦ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻋ ﻤــﻞ ﻧ ﻤــﻮداﺳﺖ

This experiment was conducted to study the improvement of biological yield and physiological indicators of Ajwan by application of polyamines under salt stress conditions in 2018. A factorial study was conducted with a randomized complete design with two factors and three replications. The first factor included four levels of water salinity including the control (without salt stress) and salinities of 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/l. The second factor included five levels of using zero polyamine, 0.5 and 1.5 mmol/l putrescine and 0.5 and 1.5 mmol/l spermidine. The results showed that increasing the salinity levels resulted in a reduction of the height, the biological yield, the lateral branch and the number of umbels in the plant. The lowest amount of chlorophyll a and b and the highest sodium and chloride content in the salt stress of 3000 mg/l was observed. Under salt stress of 2000 mg/l, the spermidine treatment as 1.5 and 0.5 mmol/l led to an increase in the proline content to the amounts of 44.56 and 40.16% as compared with that of the control. Also, the highest peroxidase in the spermidine treatment of 1.5 and 0.5 mmol/l was observed in the amounts of 3.60 and 3.20 micromoles per minute protein. Therefore, the polyamine compounds lead to the reduction of the salt stress effects through improvement in the physiologic characteristics, including increase in the osmotic adjusting compounds and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, the polyamine compound of spermidine has a better function than putrescine.