اثرات نيتروژن و نظام هاي خاك ورزي بر عملكرد روغن و اجزاي عملكرد ارقام مختلف كلزا

Effects of Nitrogen and Tillage practices on oil yield and yield components of different Rape seed (Brassica napus) cultivars

ﮐﻠﺰا دوﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻣﻬﻢ داﻧﻪ روﻏﻨﯽ در ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﺖ. اﻣﺮوزه روشﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺧﺎك ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ روشﻫﺎي ﺧﺎكورزي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﺛﺮات ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن و ﻧﻈﺎم ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎكورزي ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد روﻏﻦ و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﻠﺰا، اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1398 در ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي دﻣﺎوﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در 3 ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن )50 =N1 و100 =N2 و150 =N3 ﮐﯿﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( ، دو رﻗﻢ )(Elvis,Olpro و ﺳﻪ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺧﺎك ورزي )ﺑﺪون ﺧﺎك ورزي NT= وﺧﺎك ورزي ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ=MT وﺧﺎك ورزي ﻣﺮﺳﻮم =CT( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻏﻼف در ﮔﯿﺎه، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﻏﻼف، وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد روﻏﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪﮐﻠﺰاي رﻗﻢ Elvis ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ 4878 ﮐﯿﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم و ﺧﺎك ورزي ﻣﺮﺳﻮم ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد روﻏﻦ 1128ﮐﯿﻠﻮ ﮔﺮم در ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد روﻏﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن 100 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار 831 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد روﻏﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﺮاي اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ T3V2N2 )ﺧﺎك ورزي ﻣﺮﺳﻮم Elvis .. ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن 100( از ﻫﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﻮد. و اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ VN ،VT ،NT و VNT از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر در ﺳﻄﺢ 5% داراي اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن از ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻬﺘﺮ در رﻗﻢ Elvis و ﺧﺎك ورزي ﻣﺮﺳﻮم ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷ

Sweet basil is one of the most widespread spices in the world. leaves are used commonly as a flavoring in many food products.This experiment was carried out in research farm of damavand in 2019. Evaluate effect of plant density, nitrogen fertilizer and sowing date on yield and chemical composition of essential oil of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) .The experimental was conducted a factorial using randomized compelet block design with four replication.The factors were three levels of nitrogen fertilizers: N1= 50 kg/ha, N2= 100 kg/ha, N3= 150 kg/ha and three levels of plant densities:P1=5 cm, P2= 10 cm, P3= 15 cm with two sowing date:S1= 25 April, S2= 10 May.In this evaluation, most stage of plant phonology such as plant height, number of leaf, plant dry weight, leaf of stem, leaf area index, yield of essential oil and percentage of methyl chavicol were measured. The results showed that plant height mean with application of 50 kg/ha had superior point and interaction of N3P2S1 was higher than other levels in plant dry weight on the first and second cutting,, yield of essential oil on the interaction NS had significant at the 1 % level on the first and second cutting and leaf area index were significant on the intraction of PS and NSP on the first and second cutting %5 level which indicates better performance in nitrogen of 150 kg/ha, plant densities of 15 cm and sowing date of 25 April on the first and second cutting.