كليدواژه :
تنوع ژنتيكي , عملكرد دانه , ﺑﺎﻗﻼ , ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ
چكيده فارسي :
آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭼﻨﺪ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺑﺎﻗﻼ، ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1393-94 در اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﯿﻼن اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ. ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ )10 آذر، 1دي، 16 دي و 11 اﺳﻔﻨﺪ( و ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ در 6 ﺳﻄﺢ )ﺗﻮده ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﻼن، ﺗﻮده ﺑﻮﻣﯽ داﻧﻪرﯾﺰ ﺑﺮوﺟﺮد، رﻗﻢ ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻪ، رﻗﻢ ﺑﺮﮐﺖ، رﻗﻢ FILIP3 و رﻗﻢ FILIP5( ﺑﻮد. اﺛﺮ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. اﺛﺮ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺗﻌﺪاد روز ﺗﺎ رﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ و ﻣﺤﺘﻮي رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﺑﺮگ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ دو ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد روز ﺗﺎ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺷﺪن، وزن ﺻﺪ داﻧﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﻏﻼف و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻏﻼف در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ زﻣﺎن رﺳﯿﺪن داﻧﻪﻫﺎ )175/22 روز( در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ اول دﯾﺪه ﺷﺪ و اﯾﻦ زﻣﺎن در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ آﺧﺮ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ 42 درﺻﺪي داﺷﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮدن ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ در ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ، اﺛﺮ ﺳﺎده ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ در ﻫﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ و ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﻫﺮ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ، ﺗﻮده ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﻼن ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ 1101/8 ،1858 ،3208/04 و 605/2 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺗﺄﺧﯿﺮ در ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﻮي ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن داﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 22 درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰود. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ اواﯾﻞ آذر ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان زﻣﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺎﻗﻼ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد.
چكيده لاتين :
The present experiment was carried out to study the effect of planting date on yield and yield componts of some faba bean genotypes in a split plot based on Complete Randomized Block Design with three replicates in Guilan province during 2014-15 growing season. The main factor was four planting dates (20 November, 19 December, 5 January and 1 March) and the split factor was six faba bean genotypes (Guilan landrace, Borojerd landrace, France, Barrakat, FILIP3 and FILIP5). The effect of planting date was significant on all of the studied traits. The effect of genotype was also significant on all traits exept of days to maturity and relative water content. Interactions of two factors were significant on seed yield, number of days to emergence, hundred seed weight, number of seeds per pod and number of pods per plant. The highest ripening time of seeds (175.22 days) was observed in the first planting date and this time in the last planting date was reduced by 42%. Due to the significant interaction of genotype by sowing date, the simple effect of genotype was investigated at each level of sowing date and it was shown that in all four sowing dates, Gilan landrace had the highest grain yield with 3208.04, 1858, 110.8, 605.2 kg ha-1, respectively. Delay in planting incrased the seed nitrogen content by 22%. According to the results of present study and due to climatic ondition, early November is considered as an appropriate time for planting faba beans in the studied area.
