ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮐﻤﯿﺖ و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب در ﮔﯿﺎه داروﯾﯽ.Linum usitatissimum L ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺑﻮرﯾﮏاﺳﯿﺪ، ﺳﺎﻟﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏاﺳﯿﺪ و اوره در ﻃﻮل روز

Evaluation of quantity and quality of Linum usitatissimum L. fatty acids under the influence of boric acid, salicylic acid, and urea foliar application during the day

ﺑﺬر ﮐﺘﺎن .Linum usitatissimum L ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت داﻧﻪ روﻏﻨﯽ ﺟﻬـﺎن اﺳـﺖ و روﻏـﻦ آن ﻣﻨﺒـﻊ ارزﺷـﻤﻨﺪي از اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب ﺿﺮوري اﻣﮕﺎ-3 از ﻧﻮع آﻟﻔﺎﻟﯿﻨﻮﻟﻨﯿﮏاﺳﯿﺪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻮدي ﮐﻪ در ﻧﺰدﯾﮑﯽ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ رﯾﺨﺘـﻪ ﻣـﯽ ﺷـﻮد ﺣﺴﺎس اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﯽ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ روش ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬاري ﻋﻤﺪه ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ، ﮐﻤﯿﺖ و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣـﻮاد ﻣﺆﺛﺮه اﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﻪﮐﺎر ﻣﯽرود. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎل 1398 ﺟﻬﺖ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻮرﯾﮏاﺳﯿﺪ، ﺳﺎﻟﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏاﺳﯿﺪ و اوره در ﺳﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ روز ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﻤﯿـﺖ و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب ﺿﺮوري ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ده روز در ﺳﻪ دوره ﭘﺲ از ﺷﺮوع ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ اﻋﻤﺎل و ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج روﻏﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺣـﻼل ﻧﺮﻣـﺎل ﻫﮕـﺰان ﭘﺲ از رﺳﯿﺪن ﮐﭙﺴﻮلﻫﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. درﺻﺪ ﭘﺮوﻓﺎﯾﻞ اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب روﻏﻦ ﮐﺘﺎن ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳـﺘﮕﺎه ﮐﺮوﻣـﺎﺗﻮﮔﺮاف ﮔـﺎزي و ﮐﺮوﻣﺎﺗﻮﮔﺮاف ﮔﺎزي ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻃﯿﻒ ﺳﻨﺞ ﺟﺮﻣﯽ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ آﻣـﺪه ﻣﺤﻠـﻮل ﭘﺎﺷـﯽ 50 ﻣﯿﻠـﯽ ﮔـﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘـﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏاﺳﯿﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻏﺮوب ﺑﺮ درﺻﺪ آﻟﻔﺎﻟﯿﻨﻮﻟﻨﯿﮏاﺳﯿﺪ و 3 ﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﺑﻮرﯾﮏاﺳـﯿﺪ ﺑﻌـﺪ از ﻏـﺮوب ﺑـﺮ ﻟﯿﻨﻮﻟﺌﯿـﮏ اﺳـﯿﺪ، 100 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏاﺳﯿﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻃﻠﻮع ﺑﺮ اﯾﮑﻮزادياﻧﻮﺋﯿﮏاﺳﯿﺪ و 5 ﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ اوره ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻏﺮوب ﺑـﺮ ﭘﺎﻟﻤﯿﺘﻮﻟﺌﯿـﮏ اﺳـﯿﺪ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ از اﺛﺮات ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺑﺮ ﮔﯿﺎه ﻗﺒﻞ و ﺣﯿﻦ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ و ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژي ﮔﯿﺎه در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺟـﺬب و ﭘﺲ از ﺟﺬب، ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺎده ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺷﺪه ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار اﺳﺖ.

Linum usitatissimum L. is one of the most important oilseed crops in the world and moreover, its oil is a valuable source of essential fatty acids composed of omega-3 such as alpha-linolenic acid. This plant is sensitive to fertilizer that is poured near the stem. Therefore, foliar application of nutrients is used as an efficient method with a major impact on the growth, quantity and quality of active ingredients in this product. This factorial experiment was performed based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Medicinal Plants Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh Branch, during 2019 to assess the effect of foliar application of different concentrations of boric acid, salicylic acid and urea at different hours of the day on increasing the quantity and quality of essential fatty acids. Treatments were applied at ten-day intervals in three periods after the beginning of flowering and the final harvest was performed to extract the oil with N-hexane solvent after capsule maturity. The percentage of fatty acid profile of flaxseed oil were determined using GC and GC-MS connected to mass spectrometer. Based on the results, the foliar application 50 mg/l salicylic acid on the percentage of alpha-linolenic acid and 3 liters of boric acid on linoleic acid after sunset, and 100 mg/l salicylic acid on eicosadienoic acid before sunrise and 5 g/l urea on palmitoleic acid after sunset were effective. Therefore, a combination of environmental effects on the plant before and during foliar application and plant physiology during and after uptake determines the effect of foliar application.