بررسي تحمل به شوري در كلزاي بهاره با روش تلاقي لاين × تستر

Investigation of Salinity Tolerance in Spring Rapeseed by Line × Tester Method

ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻮري وارﯾﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺎره ﮐﻠﺰا، ﺗﻌﺪاد 15 دورگ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﻼﻗﯽ 5 ﻻﯾﻦ و 3 ﺗﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه واﻟﺪﯾﻦﺷﺎن ﺟﻤﻌﺎ 23 ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ( در دو ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آﺑﯿﺎري ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ و ﺷﻮري در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در 3 ﺗﮑﺮار در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 99-1398 در ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت و آﻣﻮزش ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﮐﺮﻣﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮدن اﺛﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺮ روي ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ )ﺟﻤﻌﺎ ﻫﺸﺖ ﺻﻔﺖ( در دو ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از وﺟﻮد ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻻﯾﻦ × ﺗﺴﺘﺮ را ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ دورگﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ اﺟﺰاء ﺧﻮد ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻻﯾﻦ × ﺗﺴﺘﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮات ﻻﯾﻦﻫﺎ، ﺗﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎ، و ﻧﯿﺰ اﺛﺮ ﻻﯾﻦ × ﺗﺴﺘﺮ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد و ﻻﯾﻦﻫﺎ در ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ واﮐﻨﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮآوردﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎت ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎت ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ ژنﻫﺎ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي در ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ آنﻫﺎ دارد. ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﻻ و داﻣﻨﻪ ﮐﻢ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات وراﺛﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار وراﺛﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ )58%/74( و ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار آن )89%/89( ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آﺑﯿﺎري ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﺗﻼﻗﯽﻫﺎي SPN179 × Dalgon و RGS003 SPN179 × ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آﺑﯿﺎري ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ و ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ دورگﻫﺎ ﺑﻮده و ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨ

In order to evaluate the salinity tolerance of spring rapeseed varieties, 15 hybrids obtained from the intersection of 5 lines and 3 testers with their parents (total of 23 genotypes) in two conditions of normal and salinity irrigation in two randomized complete block designs with 3 replications were studied in 2009-2010 at Kerman Agricultural and natural Resources Research Center. Significance of the effect of treatment on all studied traits (a total of eight traits) under two irrigation conditions showed that there was sufficient genetic diversity between crosses, which justified line × tester analysis. Decomposition of hybrids into their components based on line-tester analysis showed that the effects of lines, testers, and the effect of line-tester in terms of the studied traits were significant, and the lines had different reactions in combination with different testers. Estimates of more than one for the ratio of the mean squares of general combining ability to squares of specific combining ability showed that the additive action of genes has greater role in their genetic control. High values and low amplitude changes of broad sense heritability showed that genetic variance was greater than environmental variance. The lowest amount of specific heritability for the trait of 1000-kernel weight (58.74%), and the highest amount was related to grain yield (89.89%) under normal irrigation conditions. Crosses SPN179 × Dalgon and RGS003 × SPN179 are the best hybrids in terms of grain yield under normal and salinity conditions, respectively, with the highest values of specific combining and are recommended