ارزيابي و ارائه راهكار جهت كاهش فلزات سنگين آب زيرزميني دشت گرمسار

Evaluation and presentation of solutions to reduce heavy metals in groundwater of Garmsar plain

آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿـﻞ داﺷـﺘﻦ ﺛﺒـﺎت ﺷـﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﻗـﺪرت ﺗﺠﻤـﻊ ﭘـﺬﯾﺮي در ﺑـﺪن ﻣﻮﺟـﻮدات زﻧـﺪه، ﻣﺸـﮑﻠﯽ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷـﺘﯽ در ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﻻي اﯾﻦ ﻓﻠـﺰات ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺮگوﻣﯿـﺮ، اﺧـﺘﻼﻻت ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻟـﻮژي، ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ رﺷـﺪ و اﺛـﺮات ژﻧﺘﯿﮑـﯽ در اﻧﺴـﺎن ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﮐﯿﻔﯿـﺖ ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ آب دﺷـﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺴـﺎر ﺻـﻮرت ﻣﯽﭘـﺬﯾﺮد.در اﯾـﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ در ﺑـﺎزه زﻣـﺎﻧﯽ ﺳـﺎلﻫﺎي 1389 ﺗـﺎ 1399 ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳـﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨـﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﻣـﻮردﻧﻈﺮ در دﺷـﺖ ﮔﺮﻣﺴـﺎر را ﻣـﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ. از 20 ﺣﻠﻘـﻪ ﭼــﺎه ﻋﻤﯿــﻖ در اول و اواﺳــﻂ و اواﺧــﺮ ﻫﺮﻣــﺎه ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺷــﺪ و ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫــﺎي PH TDS EC و دﻣــﺎ در ﻣﺤــﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪﺑﺮداري اﻧــﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷــﺪ. ﺟﻬــﺖ ﻣﺪلﺳــﺎزي از ﻧﺮماﻓــﺰار GMS اﺳﺘﻔﺎدهﺷــﺪه اﺳــﺖ. روش ﻧﮕﻬــﺪاري ﻧﻤﻮﻧــﻪﻫﺎ و اﻧﺠــﺎم آزﻣﺎﯾﺸــﺎت ﻃﺒــﻖ ﺗﻮﺻــﯿﻪﻫﺎي ﮐﺘــﺎب روش ﺧــﺎي اﺳــﺘﺎﻧﺪارد آزﻣﺎﯾﺸــﺎت آب و ﻓﺎﺿــﻼب ﺻــﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓــﺖ. ﻧﺘــﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸــﺎن داد ﮐــﻪ ﺳــﻨﺎرﯾﻮ 2 ﺑﯿﺸــﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗــﺄﺛﯿﺮ را ﺑــﺮ روي ﮐــﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ و از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮ ﺷـﻤﺎره 4 داراي ﮐﻤﺘـﺮﯾﻦ ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺑـﺮ روي ﻣﻘـﺎدﯾﺮ ﺑـﻮده اﺳـﺖ. ﺑـﺮ اﺳـﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘـﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ازﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﻠـﺰات ﺳـﻨﮕﯿﻦ و PH ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻣﺼـﺎرف ﮐﺸـﺎورزي ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻨـﯽ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ و ﺑـﻪ دﻻﯾﻠـﯽ ازﺟﻤﻠـﻪ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒـﺎت زﻣﯿﻦﺷﻨﺎﺳـﯽ، ﮐﻢ ﺑﻮدن ﺻـﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ، ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﯾـﺎ ﻋـﺪم ﻧﻔـﻮذ ﻓﺎﺿـﻼبﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺪاﺷـﺘﯽ و ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ آب، ﺷـﺮاﯾﻂ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿـﺎﯾﯽ در ﻣﻌـﺮض آﻟـﻮدﮔﯽ ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ. اﻣﺎ ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽﻫﺎي اﺧﯿـﺮ، ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎرﻧـﺪﮔﯽ و ﺑﺮداﺷـﺖ ﺑﯽروﯾـﻪ از ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ آبﻫـﺎي زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨـﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﺑـﺎﻻ رﻓـﺘﻦ TDS EC از ﻣﻘـﺎدﯾﺮ استاﻧﺪارد ﻣﻠﯽ اﯾﺮان ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Iran is one of the water-scarce countries in the world. The management of available water resources is one of the most important issues in water engineering. Part of the water in the surface and underground is combined with heavy metals and their quality is reduced. This article examines the quality of water resources in Garmsar plain. The required data was obtained in the field from wells and soil of the region and GMS software was used for modeling. In the following, a solution is presented to improve the existing situation and the result is compared with the current situation. The results showed that Scenario 2 had the greatest impact on the reduction of heavy metals and on the other hand Scenario 4 had the least impact on the values. If the solution is used, the amount of heavy metals in the water of Garmsar plain will be reduced.