مخاطرات زيست محيطي نخاله هاي ساختماني ناشي از زمين لرزه در حاشيه شهر تهران

Environmental hazards of construction debris caused by earthquakes on the outskirts of Tehran

در ﺻﻮرت وﻗﻮع ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮه زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ زﻣﯿﻦﻟﺮزه، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎنﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﻦ آرﻣﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ و وارد ﻧﻤﻮدن زﯾﺎنﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﯽ و ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده، ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻧﺨﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ واﻧﺒﻮه آوار را در ﭘﯽ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ داﺷﺖ. دﭘﻮي اﯾﻦ آوارﻫﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ ﺑﻮﺟﻮد ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ آورد .در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن در 110 ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﺘﻨﯽ در ﺣﺎل اﺟﺮا در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮض ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺑﻮدن ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎري ﺑﺘﻦ و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺗﺴﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﻣﯿﻠﮕﺮد ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد اﺟﺰاي ﺳﺎزهاي و ﻏﯿﺮﺳﺎزهاي در دو ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺘﺪاول ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﻗﺎب ﺧﻤﺸﯽ و ﻗﺎب ﺧﻤﺸﯽ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ دﯾﻮار ﺑﺮﺷﯽ را ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻗﺮار داده اﺳﺖ. در ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ و ﺗﺴﺖ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺨﺮب )دوﺳﺘﺎر ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ( ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﺘﻦ اﺟﺮاﺷﺪه در ﺗﯿﺮ و ﺳﺘﻮنﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ و اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮرد در دﯾﻮارﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﺷﯽ اﻧﺪﮐﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﯿﺰ در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﯿﻠﮕﺮدﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﺪه ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺗﺴﻠﯿﻢ از ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ اﺳﻤﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻟﺮزهاي، ﺳﺎزه دﯾﻮار ﺑﺮﺷﯽ داراي ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻠﯽ و ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮي از ﺳﺎزه ﻗﺎب ﺧﻤﺸﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻧﺸﺎن داد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ دﯾﻮار ﺑﺮﺷﯽ ﺑﺠﺎي ﻗﺎب ﺧﻤﺸﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺮوز آﺳﯿﺐ در اﺟﺰاي ﻏﯿﺮﺳﺎزهاي و ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒﺎً ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻧﺨﺎﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ و ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﮔﺮدد

In the event of an earthquake environmental hazard, reinforced concrete buildings in Tehran, in addition to destroying and inflicting extensive human and financial losses, will lead to the production of construction debris and mass debris. In this study, the reliability analysis in 110 concrete buildings running in area one of Tehran with the assumption of variable compressive strength of concrete and yield strength of rebar has been investigated. That is, it has compared the flexural frame and the flexural frame with the shear wall. an‎d this is slightly higher in shear walls. Also, in all tested rebar’s (environmentally friendly), the average yield strength was higher than the nominal strength. Regarding seismic performance, shear wall structure has less general and relative displacement than flexural frame structure. The results of reliability analysis showed that the use of shear wall system instead of bending frame can reduce damage to non-structural components and consequently reduce the production of construction debris and preserve the environment.