جايگاه مصلحت در انديشه سياسي رهبران جمهوري اسلامي ايران

The place of expediency in the political thought of the leaders of the Islamic Republic of Iran

يكي از مباحث مهم در حوزه فقه سياسي، جايگاه مصلحت در اداره امور جامعه اسلامي است. با تاسيس نظام سياسي ج.ا. ايران بر مبناي فقه سياسي، قاعده مصلحت جايگاه مهمي در انديشه رهبران آن ايفا مي كند. به طور مشخص، امام خميني (ره) و آيت الله خامنه اي از اين قاعده فقهي براي رفع مشكلات جامعه اسلامي بهره برده اند. در اين پژوهش به بررسي جايگاه مصلحت در انديشه سياسي رهبران ج.ا. ايران پرداخته شده است. پژوهش حاضر اين سوال را مطرح مي كند كه اصل مصلحت در آراء رهبران ج.ا. ايران بر مبناي چه اهدافي در اداره جامعه اسلامي حايز اهميت است؟ فرضيه اي كه مي توان مطرح كرد اين است كه قاعده مصلحت، راهكاري براي حل معضلات نظام اسلامي در داخل و خارج است كه هدفي جز در نظر گرفتن مصالح عمومي جامعه و حركت بر مبناي تعادل و حفاظت از منافع عمومي مردم ندارد. يافته هاي پژوهش نشان مي دهند كه ميان تعادل به معناي مركزيت بودن منافع عمومي و قاعده مصلحت با محوريت دفاع از منافع عموم اشتراكاتي وجود دارد. حل معضلات جامعه اسلامي بر مبناي تشخيص رهبر جامعه اسلامي، تنها در صورت رعايت مصالح عمومي، پرهيز از خودسري و همچنين مبنا بودن شريعت قابل توجيه است. چارچوب نظري استفاده شده در پژوهش حاضر، رويكرد تعادل متعلق به روبرتو الكسي است و روش پژوهش توصيفي-تحليلي و بهره گيري از منابع كتابخانه اي و اسنادي است.

One of the important issues in the field of political jurisprudence is the role and position of expediency in managing the affairs of the Islamic society. Given the establishment of the political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on political jurisprudence, the rule of expediency plays an important role in the minds of its leaders. Specifically, the leaders of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Imam Khomeini and Ayatollah Khamenei, have used this jurisprudential rule to solve the problems of Islamic society. Therefore, it is worthwhile in this study to examine the place of expediency in the political thought of the leaders of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The present study raises the question of what is the principle of expediency in the opinions of the leaders of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on what goals are important in the administration of the Islamic society? The hypothesis that can be put forward is that the rule of expediency is a solution to solve the problems of the Islamic system at home and abroad, which has no purpose other than considering the public interests of society and moving on the basis of balance and protection of public interests. Findings show that there are similarities between balance meaning the centrality of public interests and the rule of expediency with the focus on defending the public interest. Accordingly, solving the problems and difficulties of the Islamic society based on the recognition of the leader of the Islamic society can be justified only if the public interests are observed, avoidance of arbitrariness and also the basis of Sharia as a support for the desirable behavior and demands of the people. In Imam Khomeini's political behavior, the appointment of some people to key positions or preventing the appointment of some others, the establishment of the Expediency Council, and in the political behavior of Ayatollah Khamenei, entering into the issue of amending the press law, prevention From performing Hajj during the days of Corona, the focus of which is to defend the public interest and preserve the Islamic system. The theoretical framework used in the present study is the equilibrium approach belonging to Roberto Alexi and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the use of library and documentary sources are among the statements of the leaders of the Islamic Revolution.