چكيده فارسي :
ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﮔﺰارش ﻓﺎﺋﻮ ، ﺳﻄﺢ زﯾﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ ﮔﯿﺎه ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ در اﯾﺮان در ﺳﺎل 2000 ﻣﯿﻼدي ﺑﻪ 119000ﻫﮑﺘﺎر و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد آن ﺑﻪ 26/82ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر رﺳﯿﺪ؛ در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ آن در آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ 66/69در ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺳﺎل اﺳﺖ. اﺧﺘﻼف ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد در اﯾﺮان و ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺎن ﺳﻮم، در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻧﺒﻮده ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ آﺑﯿﺎري، ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ، ﭘﺮورش ﻧﺸﺎء و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت زراﻋﯽ درآن دﺧﺎﻟﺖ دارﻧﺪ. از ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ، آب ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ در ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻓﺮآورده ﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺑﻮده و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ و ﮐﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت واﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ زﯾﺎدي ﺑﻪ آن دارد. ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﯿﺶ از اﻧﺪازه اﯾﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ در ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از اراﺿﯽ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ، ﺧﻄﺮﺗﻠﻔﺎت آب و ﺑﺎﻻ آﻣﺪن ﺳﻄﺢ آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ را در ﭘ ﯽ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داﺷﺖ. ﻟﺬا ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ آب ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮐﺸﺎورز ي اﻣﺮي ﺿﺮور ي اﺳﺖ و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎ و ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ درآﻣﺪ ، ﺑﻠﮑﻪ از ﺗﻠﻔﺎت آب ﻧﯿﺰ ﺟﻠﻮﮔ ﯿﺮي ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. در ا ﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﮐﻢ آﺑ ﯿﺎري ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ از اراﺿﯽ روﺳﺘﺎي ﻗﺼﺮ اﺣﻤﺪ ﮐﻮار ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه 30، 50، 70، ، 100، 110و 120درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶﻫﺎ در ﯾﮏ ﺧﺎك ﻟﻮﻣﯽ ﺷﻨﯽ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺷﺶ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﺎزده ﻣﺼﺮف آب ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ )WUE( از ﻧﻈﺮ آﻣﺎري در ﺳﻄﺢ 1درﺻﺪ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري دارد. ﻣﯿﺰان آب آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺤﺼﻮل و ﺑﺎزده ﻣﺼﺮف آب )WUE( در ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺤﺼﻮل و ﺑﺎزده ﻣﺼﺮف آب در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 110 ﻧﯿ ﺎز آﺑﯽ )آﺑﯿﺎري ﮐﺎﻣﻞ( ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮف آب در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻃﺒﻖ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار AGWAT ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه 30 ، 50 و70 درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد آن ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 29 ، 67 و 79درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ.
چكيده لاتين :
According to the FAO, the area under tomato cultivation in Iran reached 119,000 hectares and its yield reached 26.82 tons per hectare; while the average in the United States is 66.69 in 2000. Yield differences in Iran and third world countries, compared to developed countries, are not only due to environmental conditions, but also other factors such as irrigation, nutrition, seedling cultivation and other agricultural operations. Among the factors of production, water is the most important factor in the production of agricultural products and the quality and quantity of products are highly dependent on it. Excessive consumption of this factor in many agricultural lands will lead to water loss and rising groundwater levels. Therefore, research on the optimal use of water for all agricultural products is essential and the consequence of proper and timely use not only generates the most income, but also prevents water losses. In this study, the effect of low irrigation on tomato yield from the lands of Qasr Ahmad Kavar village based on the application of irrigation treatments of 30, 50, 70, 100, 110 and 120% of water requirement was done. The experiments were performed on a loamy-sandy soil in a randomized complete block design with six replications. The results showed that tomato water use efficiency (WUE) was statistically significantly different at the level of 1%. Irrigation water on crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE) was significant at the level of 1% and the highest crop yield and water use efficiency were obtained in 110 treatment (full irrigation). Also, with the reduction of water consumption in standard conditions according to the proposal of AGWAT software by 30, 50 and 70% of water demand, its performance decreased to 29, 67 and 79%, respectively.
