كليدواژه :
ﻗﻄﺮه ﭼﮑﺎن , ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ دﺑﯽ , ﻓﺸﺎر , ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺳﺎﺧﺖ , درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت آب
چكيده فارسي :
از آن ﺟﺎ ﮐﻪ دﺑﯽ ﻗﻄﺮه ﭼﮑﺎنﻫﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﻓﺸﺎر، ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺳﺎﺧﺖ، ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﯽ و دﻣﺎي آب آﺑﯿﺎري ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﺮاي ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺛﺮات دﻣﺎ و ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺮ دﺑﯽ ﻗﻄﺮه ﭼﮑﺎنﻫﺎ، ﭼﻬﺎر ﻧﻮع ﻗﻄﺮه ﭼﮑﺎن راﯾﺞ در ﺑﺎزار ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪﻧﺪ و در آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه آﺑﯿﺎري داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ آب داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد دزﻓﻮل ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﺛﺮ ﭼﻬﺎر دﻣﺎي آب ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 20، 30، 40و 50درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد در ﭼﻬﺎر ﻓﺸﺎر 5، 10، 15و 20ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎر اﺑﺘﺪا در دﻣﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه ) 20درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد( دﺑﯽ ﻗﻄﺮه ﭼﮑﺎنﻫﺎ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ و ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪام ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮﻃﺒﻖ اﯾﻦ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎن ﮐﺸﺎورزي آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻗﻄﺮه ﭼﮑﺎنﻫﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ درﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ آن ﻗﻄﺮه ﭼﮑﺎنﻫﺎي D ،B،Aﻋﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ و Cدر ﻣﺮز ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در دﻣﺎﻫﺎي 30،40،50درﺟﻪ از ﻣﺨﺰﻧﯽ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ اﻟﻤﻨﺖ و دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. در دو ﻣﻮرد ﺷﺎﻣﻞ Bو Dاﺛﺮ دﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ روي دﺑﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار و در ﺑﻘﯿﻪ ﻣﻮارد ) AوC( اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دﻣﺎ روي دﺑﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دﻣﺎي آب، دﺑﯽ ﻗﻄﺮه ﭼﮑﺎنﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻓﺸﺎر اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرﺗﯽﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ رﻓﺘﻦ Xدر ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ دﺑﯽ- ﻓﺸﺎر اﯾﻦ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺷﯿﺐ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮي ﺻﻮرت ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. در ﻗﻄﺮه ﭼﮑﺎنﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻓﺸﺎر اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دﻣﺎ در دو ﻣﻮرد Aو Cاﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﺮ روي دﺑﯽ ﻗﻄﺮه ﭼﮑﺎنﻫﺎ ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ و در ﻣﻮرد ﻗﻄﺮه ﭼﮑﺎن Dﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻫﺶ دﺑﯽ ﺷﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Since the flow of drippers varies with pressure, coefficient of variation(CV), clogging and temperature of irrigation water, so to evaluate the effects of temperature and pressure on the flow of drippers, four common types of drippers in Khuzestan market were prepared and examined in the laboratory. In this study, the effect of four water temperatures including 20, 30, 40 and 50 °C at four pressures of 5, 10, 15 and 20 meters were investigated. To do this, first at the laboratory temperature (20°C), the flow of droppers was obtained and the CV was determined for each drippers. According to this coefficient and using the American Association of Agricultural Engineers standards, the quality classification of the drippers was done, as a result of which the drippers A, B, D were excellent and C was in the middle range. To perform this test at temperatures of 30, 40, 50 degrees, a tank equipped with an element and a temperature control device was used. In two cases including B and D, the effect of temperature on the discharge was significant and in the other cases (A and C) the increase in temperature had no significant effect on the discharge. According to the results, with increasing water temperature, the flow of non-regulating pressure droppers increases, so that with increasing X in the flow-pressure equation, this increase occurs with a greater slope. In pressure regulating emitters, temperature increase in two cases A and C had no significant effect on the discharge of the emitters and in the case of emitter D it decreased the discharge.
