مطالعه ميزان آلودگي به انگل‌هاي مشترك انسان و دام در كبد و ريه نشخواركنندگان اهلي

Pollution study of zoonotic parasitic infections in Liver and Lung of domestic ruminants

سابقه و هدف: برر سي ميزان شيوع بيماري‌هاي انگلي زئونوز در نشخواركنندگان بزرگ (گاو) و كوچك (گوسفند و بز)، كه درصد قابل قبولي از منابع پروتئيني با منشاء دامي كشور را تامين مي‌نمايند، بسيار حائز اهميت مي‌باشد و در اين ميان انگلهاي كبدي از جايگاه ويژه اي برخوردارند، چرا كه ميتوانند در طول زمان موجب بروز ضررهاي اقتصادي فراواني گشته و خسارات مستقيم و غير مستقيم زيادي را به بار آورند. بيماري‌هاي انگلي بدليل ويژگيهاي متفاوت اپيدميولوژيكي و زيست شناسي، از جمله گسترش وسيع و تنوع پادگني و دارا بودن مكانيسم‌هاي فوق العاده متنوع و بغرنج در مقابل دستگاه ايمني مشكلات عديده اي را جهت پيدايش واكسنهاي موثر ايجاد كرده اند و چون بيماري‌هاي انگلي اغلب بصورت مزمن بروز كرده و نشانيهاي باليني آشكاري نشان نمي‌دهند، كمتر باعث مرگ و مير در گله گرديده و عمدتا در طول زمان موجب بروز ضررهاي اقتصادي فراوان مي گردند .لذا هدف از انجام اين مطالعه، تعيين ميزان شيوع انواع آلودگي‌هاي انگلي موجود در كبد (فاسيولا، كيست هيداتيد، ديكروسليوم و سيستي سركوس) و ريه (كيست هيداتيد و استرونژيلوس ها)دام‌هاي كشتار شده در كشتارگاه‌ زياران استان قزوين مي‌باشد. مواد و روش‌ها: اين مطالعه از نوع توصيفي- تحليلي مي‌باشد و با هدف نمونه برداري مقطعي در چهار فصل بهار، تابستان، پاييز و زمستان انجام گرديد و در مجموع از 95156 راس دام شامل 54864 راس گوسفند، 22579 راس بز و 17713 راس گاو پس از كشتار، توسط بازرسين بهداشتي دامپزشكي، بازرسي از لاشه به عمل آمد. در طي اين مطالعه از كبد و ريه دام ‌هاي ذبح شده از طريق مشاهده ماكروسكوپي بازرسي به عمل آمد.ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: از ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﮐﺒﺪ و رﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎزرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه در ﻃﻮل ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﻣﯿﺰان آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻧﮕـﻞ ﻫـﺎي ﮐﺒـﺪي )ﻓﺎﺳـﯿﻮﻻ، ﮐﯿﺴـﺖ ﻫﯿﺪاﺗﯿـﺪ، دﯾﮑﺮوﺳﻠﯿﻮم و ﺳﯿﺴﺘﯽ ﺳﺮﮐﻮس( و اﻧﮕﻞ ﻫﺎي رﯾﻮي )ﮐﯿﺴﺖ ﻫﯿﺪاﺗﯿﺪ و اﺳﺘﺮوﻧﮋﯾﻠﻮس ﻫﺎ(، در ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪ 4/81 درﺻـﺪ ، در ﺑـﺰ 1/92 درﺻﺪ و در ﮔﺎو 1/93 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ داده ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪ ﺑـﺎ ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿـﺰان آﻟـﻮدﮔﯽ ﺑـﻪ اﻧﮕـﻞ، داراي اﺧـﺘﻼفﻌﻨﯽ داري ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎو و ﺑﺰ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )0/05

The prevalence of zoonotic parasitic diseases in large and small ruminants, which provide an acceptable percentage of protein sources of animal origin, is significant. In the meantime, liver parasites have a special place, because they can cause a lot of economic losses and also cause a lot of direct and indirect damages. Parasitic diseases have created many problems for the development of effective vaccines due to different epidemiological and biological characteristics, including the wide spread and diversity of antibodies and having extremely diverse and complex mechanisms against the immune system. These diseases often occur chronically and show no obvious clinical signs, cause less mortality in the herd, and mainly cause significant economic losses over time. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of various parasitic infections in the liver (Hydatid cyst, Cysticercosis, Fasciola, and Dicrocoelium) and lungs (Hydatid cyst and Strongyloides) of slaughtered animals in industrial slaughterhouses in Qazvin province. Materials and methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out in four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter in Qazvin province. A total of 95,156 head of livestock, including 54,864 sheep, 22,579 goats and 17,713 cattle, were inspected after slaughter. During this study, the liver and lungs of slaughtered animals were inspected by macroscopic observation. Results: The pollution rate of liver parasites (Hydatid cyst, Cysticercosis, Fasciola, and Dicrocoelium) and lung parasites (Hydatid cyst and Strongyloides) in sheep, goat, and cattle were 4.81 percent, 1.92 percent, and 1.93 percent respectively. The sheep with the highest pollution rate, have a significant difference compared to cattle and goats (P<0.05). Also, liver and lung parasites' pollution rate was 6.17 percent in spring, 7.80 percent in summer, 10.77 percent in autumn, and 10.50 percent in winter. Also, liver and lung parasites' pollution rate was 6.17 percent in spring, 7.80 percent in summer, 10.77 percent in autumn, and 10.50 percent in winter. The highest and lowest rate of infection was observed in autumn and spring (P≤0.05). In inspected livers, the highest rate of parasitic infection was related to dicrocoeliasis; it’s prevalence in sheep, goats, and cattle was 6.02 percent, 5.34 percent, and 6.78 percent respectively. Also, in inspected lungs, the most lesions were related to hydatid disease, the prevalence in sheep, goats, and cattle was 0.51 percent, 0.52 percent, and 0.58 percent respectively. Conclusion: This study shows the prevalence of parasitic diseases in large and small ruminants in this region. Due to these diseases zoonotic nature, the use of appropriate management methods to prevent or control these diseases is crucial.